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991.
Paul G. Devereux Daniel J. Weigel Deborah Ballard-Reisch Geoffrey Leigh Kristy L. Cahoon 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2009,26(5):431-446
Despite the substantial amount of literature focusing on social support for pregnant and parenting adolescents, few studies
have directly examined the relationships among stress and social support across their transition to parenting. The present
study investigates the nature of the relationship between stress and support both before and after the birth of the baby.
Two groups of adolescent females (one group facing parenthood and one not) completed measures of support and stress across
a 7-month period (N = 231) to coincide with the transition to parenthood. In general, support and stress were negatively related when measured
concurrently and positively related over time for parenting adolescents but not the non-parenting group. Understanding how
long social support impacts stress will enable practitioners to identify when best to provide interventions for pregnant and
parenting adolescents. 相似文献
992.
Due to rapid data growth, statistical analysis of massive datasets often has to be carried out in a distributed fashion, either because several datasets stored in separate physical locations are all relevant to a given problem, or simply to achieve faster (parallel) computation through a divide-and-conquer scheme. In both cases, the challenge is to obtain valid inference that does not require processing all data at a single central computing node. We show that for a very widely used class of spatial low-rank models, which can be written as a linear combination of spatial basis functions plus a fine-scale-variation component, parallel spatial inference and prediction for massive distributed data can be carried out exactly, meaning that the results are the same as for a traditional, non-distributed analysis. The communication cost of our distributed algorithms does not depend on the number of data points. After extending our results to the spatio-temporal case, we illustrate our methodology by carrying out distributed spatio-temporal particle filtering inference on total precipitable water measured by three different satellite sensor systems. 相似文献
993.
Neda Faregh Craig Leth-Steensen 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):131-138
Legalized gambling in Canada is governed by Provincial legislation. In Ontario, the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation
is responsible for all aspects of gambling in the Province. There have been a number of recent lawsuits against this Crown
agency of the Government of Ontario by gamblers, most of which have been settled or otherwise resolved. A recent class-action
lawsuit on behalf of thousands of Ontario gamblers against this agency raises a number of interesting questions regarding
the issue of responsibility and liability. The questions surround the issue of self-exclusionary practices of gamblers who
deem themselves in need of external intervention in order interesting questions regarding the issue of responsibility and
liability. The questions surround the issue to abstain from further gambling. A contract is voluntarily signed by the self-excluding
gamblers whereby their further attendance at gaming venues is prevented and could be punishable by law. Where the gaming venues
have failed to enforce the terms of this contract, gamblers have continued to gamble at these establishments. The class-action
lawsuit stems from the grievances of these self-excluded gamblers who were not turned away. Relevant psychological theories
and recent findings pertaining to gambling are reviewed and questions relevant to these grievances are discussed in favor
of government responsibility and liability toward gamblers. 相似文献
994.
K. Brandon Lang Megumi Omori 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):171-183
Using data from the 2004 and 2005 Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CES) comprising of 15,000 respondents, this study examines
two research questions. The first of these considers the demographic differences between households whose members lose money
playing the lottery and/or engaging in pari-mutuel betting and those whose members do not lose money participating in such
activities. The second assesses demographic differences among households whose members lose money playing the lottery and/or
engaging in pari-mutuel betting. It was found that respondents living in money-losing households are slightly older, better
off financially, more likely to be married or divorced, more likely to live in a state with at least one legal casino and
more likely to live in the Northeast than respondents living in non-money-losing households. Among those living in money-losing
households, the least wealthy and African American respondents are more likely to lose a higher proportion of their respective
incomes purchasing lottery tickets and engaging in pari-mutuel betting than wealthier respondents and whites. 相似文献
995.
Influence functions are derived for the parameters in covariance structure analysis, where the parameters are estimated by minimizing a discrepancy function between the assumed covariance matrix and the sample covariance matrix. The case of confirmatory factor analysis is studied precisely with a numerical example. Comparing with a general procedure called one-step estimation, the proposed procedure has two advantages:1) computing cost is cheaper, 2) the property that arbitrary influence can be decomposed into a fi-nite number of components discussed by Tanaka and Castano-Tostado(1990) can be used for efficient computing and the characterization of a covariance structure model from the sensitivity perspective. A numerical comparison is made among the confirmatory factor analysis and some procedures of ex-ploratory factor analysis by using the decomposition mentioned above. 相似文献
996.
Wei-Chu Weng 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2011,22(1):19-34
In this paper, we introduce a combinatorial problem faced in the tire industry and then define it and optimize it by tabu
search from the perspective of operational research. Such a problem is termed the pitch arrangement problem and involves both
selecting and sequencing problems along with noninteger design variables. Pitch arrangement is an essential procedure for
tires before their manufacture. Using this procedure, engineers have to choose an optimal groove distribution on tire treads
for the purpose of manufacturing low-noise tires. Most research works on pitch arrangement are supported by tire companies,
and their results are patented instead of being published. In this study, we define the abovementioned problem clearly and
optimize it by tabu search. Two actual manufactured tires are chosen for the case studies. In addition, two patents and two
types of pitch sequences optimized by genetic algorithms are also applied to these two tires for comparison. The pitch arrangement
is optimized successfully and the performance of tabu search is found to be outstanding. 相似文献
997.
Siu-Kei Wong Lawrence Wai-Chung Lai Daniel Chi-Wing Ho Kwong-Wing Chau Cindy Lo-Kuen Lam Chris Hung-Fai Ng 《Habitat International》2009,33(4):463-471
The outbreak of a highly communicable disease, SARS, in Asia in 2003 has revealed the health risk of living in a high-density environment. To show the important connection between human health and environmental quality, this study surveys the prevalence of sick building syndrome (SBS) among apartment residents and their evaluation of indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Based on a sample of 748 households living in Hong Kong, two interesting findings are revealed: (1) nasal discomfort was the commonest home-related SBS symptom despite the absence of any central ventilation system in apartment buildings; (2) noise, rather than ventilation, was the major IEQ problem perceived by residents. Our statistical analysis further showed that residents with SBS symptoms were less satisfied with their IEQ than those without. That is, despite a positive evaluation of specific IEQ criteria with respect to the building residents lived in, if they reported feeling SBS related symptoms, the overall IEQ evaluation of their building could still be negative. This perception bias gives rise to a sample selection problem in measuring perceived IEQ, which has implications on housing management practices and the formulation of a healthy housing policy. 相似文献
998.
Denys Yemshanov Frank H. Koch Daniel W. McKenney Marla C. Downing Frank Sapio 《Risk analysis》2009,29(6):868-884
Nonindigenous species have caused significant impacts to North American forests despite past and present international phytosanitary efforts. Though broadly acknowledged, the risks of pest invasions are difficult to quantify as they involve interactions between many factors that operate across a range of spatial and temporal scales: the transmission of invading organisms via various pathways, their spread and establishment in new environments. Our study presents a stochastic simulation approach to quantify these risks and associated uncertainties through time in a unified fashion. We outline this approach with an example of a forest pest recently detected in North America, Sirex noctilio Fabricius. We simulate new potential entries of S. noctilio as a stochastic process, based on recent volumes of marine shipments of commodities from countries where S. noctilio is established, as well as the broad dynamics of foreign marine imports. The results are then linked with a spatial model that simulates the spread of S. noctilio within the geographical distribution of its hosts (pines) while incorporating existing knowledge about its behavior in North American landscapes. Through replications, this approach yields a spatial representation of S. noctilio risks and uncertainties in a single integrated product. The approach should also be appealing to decisionmakers, since it accounts for projected flows of commodities that may serve as conduits for pest entry. Our 30-year forecasts indicate high establishment probability in Ontario, Quebec, and the northeastern United States, but further southward expansion of S. noctilio is uncertain, ultimately depending on the impact of recent international treatment standards for wood packing materials. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Persistent anomalies in the results of willingness to pay studies, despite improvements in measurement technique, challenge the assumption in economics that all sources of value are commensurable. Two sources of incommensurability have been identified: interdimensional incommensurability, which refers to the cognitive difficulty that people encounter when trying to assign a monetary value to health; and constitutive incommensurability, which arises when some forms of trade-off are regarded as ‘taboo’. In this paper we explore whether the notion of taboo trade-offs might explain some of the difficulties experienced in health-related willingness to pay studies. 相似文献