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191.
192.
Robert Breunig Deborah A. Cobb-Clark Xiaodong Gong Danielle Venn 《Review of Economics of the Household》2007,5(1):59-82
We use unique data in which both partners report about household finances to demonstrate that there is often disagreement
about whether the household has experienced financial difficulty in the past year. Four alternative explanations for this
disagreement are tested using the data. The results indicate that disagreement may be related to the severity of the underlying
material hardship rather than to gender differences or individual (as opposed to household) views of financial difficulty.
We find limited evidence that for some couples information asymmetries contribute to explaining disagreement about financial
difficulty. This implies that standard surveys which collect information about the household’s financial position from a representative
individual may fail to completely characterize the nature of material hardship.
相似文献
193.
We estimate the extent to which rising family income inequality can be explained by changes in the earnings of married women. We develop a decomposition equation that separates single persons from married couples (decomposition by population group) and, for married couples, distinguishes the impact of wives' earnings from other sources of income (decomposition by income source). Despite the rising correlation between husbands' and wives' earnings, changes in wives' earnings do not explain a substantial portion of the increase in family income inequality. Our results contradict those of some previous analyses. The inconsistency of recent estimates can be traced to the use of a variety of conceptually different approaches in the previous literature. We clarify these approaches by explicitly distinguishing the conceptual issues, analyzing the empirical components, and providing comprehensive estimates. 相似文献
194.
Monica K. Hurdal Juan B. Gutierrez Christian Laing Deborah A. Smith 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2008,15(3):257-275
We describe geometric invariants that characterize the shape of curves and surfaces in 3D space: curvature, Gauss integrals
and moments. We apply these invariants to neuroimaging data to determine if they have application for automatically classifying
and parcellating cortical data. The curves of sulci and gyri on the cortical surface can be obtained by reconstructing cortical
surface representations of the human brain from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We reconstructed gray matter surfaces
for 15 subjects, traced 10 sulcal curves on each surface and computed geometric invariants for each curve. These geometric
features were used classify the curves into sulcal and hemispheric classes. The best classification results were obtained
when moment-based features were computed on the sulcal curves in native space. Gauss integral measures showed that they were
useful for differentiating the hemispheric location of a single sulcus. These promising results may indicate that moment invariants
are useful for characterizing shape on a global scale. Gauss integral invariants are potentially useful measures for characterizing
cortical shape on a local, rather than global scale. Gauss integrals have found biological significance in characterizing
proteins so it is worthwhile to consider their possible application to neuroscientific data. 相似文献
195.
Andrew Davies 《Social history》2019,44(1):57-85
Using the example of an impoverished, so-called ‘slum’ district in Glasgow, this article argues that poorer, working-class people were subjected to aggressive and frequently violent policing along with systematic hostility from the judiciary and the press in Britain during the 1930s. In Glasgow, attempts to challenge police methods and police officers’ courtroom testimonies met with a highly punitive response from the city’s legal establishment. Despite enjoying the rights of citizenship, working-class people found it difficult to find politicians to take up their complaints about police incivility and brutality, embodied in the conduct of a police constable known locally as ‘Hitler’. Those few politicians willing to do so, whether in Glasgow Corporation or in the House of Commons, found themselves marginalized as mainstream politicians of all parties refused to accept that the British police were capable of inflicting ‘terror’ on civilians. Press sympathy extended only to those working-class women jailed for perjury and separated from their children in the wake of trials of ‘rioters’ at Glasgow Sheriff Court. Human-interest coverage of the plight of their families gave working-class people a voice as victims of misfortune. They were not permitted to speak as victims of miscarriages of justice. 相似文献
196.
197.
Constructive and Destructive Marital Conflict,Parenting, and Children's School and Social Adjustment
Kathleen P. McCoy Melissa R. W. George E. Mark Cummings Patrick T. Davies 《Social Development》2013,22(4):641-662
This study addresses the links between destructive and constructive marital conflict and mothers' and fathers' parenting to understand associations with children's social and school adjustment. Multi‐method, longitudinal assessments of 235 mothers, fathers, and children (129 girls) were collected across kindergarten, first, and second grades (ages 5–7 at time 1; ages 7–9 at time 3). Whereas constructive marital conflict was related to both mothers' and fathers' warm parenting, destructive marital conflict was only linked to fathers' use of inconsistent discipline. In turn, both mothers' and fathers' use of psychological control was related to children's school adjustment, and mothers' warmth was related to children's social adjustment. Reciprocal links between constructs were also explored, supporting associations between destructive marital conflict and mothers' and fathers' inconsistent discipline. The merit of examining marital conflict and parenting as multidimensional constructs is discussed in relation to understanding the processes and pathways within families that affect children's functioning. 相似文献
198.
Deborah Schooler L. Monique Ward Ann Merriwether Allison S. Caruthers 《Journal of sex research》2013,50(4):324-334
Although numerous factors have been implicated in women's sexual decision‐making, less attention has been focused on how their feelings about their bodies and reproductive functions affect these processes. Recent findings link menstrual shame to lower levels of sexual activity and higher levels of sexual risk; however, the mechanisms behind these relations remain unexplored. Accordingly, this study investigates the contributions of menstrual shame and global body shame to sexual decision‐making among 199 undergraduate women. Using structural equation modeling, we evaluated a mediated model, whereby menstrual shame is indirectly associated with sexual decision‐making via body shame. As expected, women who reported feeling more comfort about menstruation also reported more body comfort and, in turn, more sexual assertiveness, more sexual experience, and less sexual risk. 相似文献
199.
Abstract The authors measured the impact of educational efforts on the number of college students who received meningococcal vaccine. First-year Brown University students from the classes of 2004 (n = 1,562) and 2005 (n = 1,518) received educational vaccine materials before they arrived on campus, whereas students from the class of 2003 (n = 1,441) did not. Students in the class of 2003, 13% (n = 184) of whom had received vaccine before their arrival on campus, served as the baseline. These educational efforts by the college health services before students arrived on campus increased the number of students immunized before campus arrival to 46% (n = 724) for the class of 2004, and 60% (n = 913) for the class of 2005. Education about the benefits of meningococcal vaccine before students' arrival on campus increased both the number of immunized students and the overall immunization rate among students. 相似文献
200.
Although “association with delinquent peers” is commonly identified as “a risk factor for youth violence,” this framework leads us to blame individuals and ignore the complex lives of youth who face state, symbolic, and interpersonal violence. This study is based on interviews with young adults about their adolescence in a low-income immigrant gateway neighborhood of Oakland, California. Most of the interviewees have peer networks that are racially/ethnically diverse and also include both delinquent and conforming peers. We show that having these “doubly diverse” friendship networks helps youth move through their neighborhood safely and feel anchored to their community even when they leave to attend college. Even successful youth in our study do not erect borders between themselves and “delinquent peers.” It is easy to assign blame to youth for their friendships, their violent behavior, their lack of education, their unstable and low-paying jobs, but this calculus ignores both the structural factors that constrain youth choices and the benefits that seem to be linked to diverse friendships, even with delinquent peers. Growing up in a site of global capital accumulation and disinvestment in the era of neoliberalism, our interviewees challenge us to reframe risk. 相似文献