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121.
Abstract Studies of reactions to nuclear facilities have found consistent male/female differences, but the underlying reasons have never been well‐clarified. The most common expectations involve traditional roles—with men focusing more on economic concerns and with women (especially mothers) being more concerned about family safety/health. Still, with changing gender roles, women are becoming economic providers as well as caregivers; past studies have not actually examined the interaction of employment and gender effects. This study examines a rural county where issues of risk and economic interest were both salient—a county where a nuclear waste site had been proposed but where an existing nuclear power plant was a major employer. Overall, concern levels expressed by employed mothers did not differ significantly from those in the rest of the sample, but further analyses revealed a sharp contrast: In the half of the county that was home to the existing nuclear power plant, where economic concerns could be expected to be more salient, over 90 percent of the employed mothers expressed low levels of concern; in the other half of the county, closer to the potential risks of the proposed nuclear waste site, almost 90 percent of the employed mothers expressed high levels of concern. No such differences are found for other sociodemographic groups. This county may or may not be unique; what the findings show is that the interplay of geography, gender roles and risks should receive more attention in other contexts, as well. 相似文献
122.
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124.
V.J. Kaye 《Canadian Slavonic papers》2013,55(3):454-464
125.
In estimating the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of a multivariate normal population, the usual estimates are the eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix. It is well known that these estimates are biased. This paper investigates obtaining improved eigenvalue estimates through improved estimates of the characteristic polynomial, which is a function of the sample eigenvalues. A numerical study investigates the improvements evaluated under both a square error and an entropy loss function. 相似文献
126.
127.
Ian Brooks 《Culture and Organization》2013,19(2):347-369
This paper explores a night nursing sub-culture which is struggling to survive. The context is the NHS in the UK. Temporal separation and hostility towards the culture emanating from environmental actors helped mould a distinct subcultural group which recognise their difference and revel in their espoused camaraderie and ‘splendid isolation’. They carry the yoke of the ‘unloved’ while enjoying a ‘special relationship’ with patients and shouldering considerable responsibility for those in their care. The culture may be likened to other marginalised and powerless workplace or societal groups. Labelled by their ‘professional' colleagues as ‘babysitters’ and marginalised, they face extinction. This paper, based on ethnographic methods, explicates and describes that culture and explores issues of gender and of choice in the workplace. It focuses on professional sub-cultures, particularly in healthcare, by examining the centripetal forces which keep cultures together and the differentiating factors which separate them from others. 相似文献
128.
Margaret Lombe Chrisann Newransky Charu Stokes Mohamad Brooks 《Journal of social service research》2013,39(4):289-302
ABSTRACT This study examines correlates of household welfare in three countries of sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, using data from the 2004 wave of the Afrobarometer survey. We also assess the role violent conflict might play in influencing this relationship. This subject has become especially relevant today in sub-Saharan Africa, given the growing disfranchisement of vulnerable individuals and households and increased incidents of violent conflict. Insight into the relationship between violent conflict and household welfare may be an important step in understanding why many sub-Saharan African countries have difficulties in stimulating economic growth and welfare. The study sample includes 3,525 respondents. Study findings provide partial support for the hypothesized relationship. Specifically, poverty reduction initiatives and informal assistance are associated with reduced hardship, while violent conflict is related to an increase in hardship. We also note that certain individual and household characteristics are linked to hardship. Practice and policy implications are suggested. 相似文献
129.
This study examines differences among urban Chinese consumers and their consumption patterns in three major cities—Beijing,
Shanghai and Tianjin—utilising data from a nationally representative sample survey conducted in 2005. Differences were found
in these consumers’ age distribution, education level, household composition, birth and death rates, income, expenditure patterns
and consumer durable ownership rates. Beijing and Shanghai, the two most affluent cities in China, exhibited the highest consumer
durable ownership rates and the highest cost of living. While previous research has frequently segmented China in terms of
a rural versus urban dichotomy or by geographic region, this study suggests that the urban Chinese do not constitute a homogeneous
market. Further, it is suggested that both geographic region and income, which varies between rural and urban settings, are
sound bases for segmenting this important market. 相似文献
130.
Debra L. Mason 《Journal of Media and Religion》2015,14(3):123-127
This preface summarizes the emergence of religion and media courses from the 1950s to the present day. It makes the case for why analysis of religion and media coursework is a challenge and reports on research that shows enormous diversity among the types of courses commonly classified as within the “religion and media” subject. The preface furthermore summarizes the other articles in this special issue. 相似文献