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211.
Denis Collins 《Journal of Labor Research》1995,16(1):57-79
What happens in a unionized setting when a participatory management system is adopted? This question is examined based on a field study of a union manufacturing facility that has been operating under a gainsharing system for four years. As suggested by the political science literature on transforming political systems from authoritarian rule to democracies, the events resemble a complicated chess game among management, union officers, and union members pursuing their self-interests or group-interests during and after the transitional process. Although gainsharing bonuses have been minimal, the democratization of organizational structures and relationships has generated multiple beneficial organizational and individual outcomes for management and union members. 相似文献
212.
Jean Proulx Denis Bourque Sébastien Savard 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2007,18(3):293-307
In this paper, the authors analyze different forms of interface between the government and third sector organizations in Québec.
In order to do so, they studied relationships in eight different fields of activity: homeless youth services, housing for
intellectually deficient people, support organizations for natural caregivers, community leisure centers, community housing
for the elderly, daycare centers, social economy organizations for domestic assistance, and services specializing in employment
for handicapped people. Following a review of international literature on the relationship between the government and the
third sector, the paper analyzes these relationships on the basis of the typology developed by Jennifer M. Coston, which is
adapted to the Québécois context. In the eight activity sectors studied, the authors found the presence of four different
types of interface between the government and the third sector: “subcontracting,” “coexistence,” “supplementarity,” and “co-construction”
relationships.
相似文献
Denis BourqueEmail: |
213.
Christopher Leleu Jean Menotti Pascale Meneceur Firas Choukri Annie Sulahian Yves Jean‐François Garin Jean‐Baptiste Denis Francis Derouin 《Risk analysis》2013,33(8):1441-1453
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a major cause of mortality in immunocompromized hosts, most often consecutive to the inhalation of spores of Aspergillus. However, the relationship between Aspergillus concentration in the air and probability of IA is not quantitatively known. In this study, this relationship was examined in a murine model of IA. Immunosuppressed Balb/c mice were exposed for 60 minutes at day 0 to an aerosol of A. fumigatus spores (Af293 strain). At day 10, IA was assessed in mice by quantitative culture of the lungs and galactomannan dosage. Fifteen separate nebulizations with varying spore concentrations were performed. Rates of IA ranged from 0% to 100% according to spore concentrations. The dose‐response relationship between probability of infection and spore exposure was approximated using the exponential model and the more flexible beta‐Poisson model. Prior distributions of the parameters of the models were proposed then updated with data in a Bayesian framework. Both models yielded close median dose‐responses of the posterior distributions for the main parameter of the model, but with different dispersions, either when the exposure dose was the concentration in the nebulized suspension or was the estimated quantity of spores inhaled by a mouse during the experiment. The median quantity of inhaled spores that infected 50% of mice was estimated at 1.8 × 104 and 3.2 × 104 viable spores in the exponential and beta‐Poisson models, respectively. This study provides dose‐response parameters for quantitative assessment of the relationship between airborne exposure to the reference A. fumigatus strain and probability of IA in immunocompromized hosts. 相似文献
214.
S. Arona Diop Thierry Duchesne Steven G. Cumming Awa Diop Denis Talbot 《Journal of applied statistics》2022,49(10):2570
Imbalances in covariates between treatment groups are frequent in observational studies and can lead to biased comparisons. Various adjustment methods can be employed to correct these biases in the context of multi-level treatments (> 2). Analytical challenges, such as positivity violations and incorrect model specification due to unknown functional relationships between covariates and treatment or outcome, may affect their ability to yield unbiased results. Such challenges were expected in a comparison of fire-suppression interventions for preventing fire growth. We identified the overlap weights, augmented overlap weights, bias-corrected matching and targeted maximum likelihood as methods with the best potential to address those challenges. A simple variance estimator for the overlap weight estimators that can naturally be combined with machine learning is proposed. In a simulation study, we investigated the performance of these methods as well as those of simpler alternatives. Adjustment methods that included an outcome modeling component performed better than those that focused on the treatment mechanism in our simulations. Additionally, machine learning implementation was observed to efficiently compensate for the unknown model specification for the former methods, but not the latter. Based on these results, we compared the effectiveness of fire-suppression interventions using the augmented overlap weight estimator. 相似文献
215.
Elise Billoir Jean‐Baptiste Denis Natalie Commeau Marie Cornu Véronique Zuliani 《Risk analysis》2011,31(2):237-254
To assess the impact of the manufacturing process on the fate of Listeria monocytogenes, we built a generic probabilistic model intended to simulate the successive steps in the process. Contamination evolution was modeled in the appropriate units (breasts, dice, and then packaging units through the successive steps in the process). To calibrate the model, parameter values were estimated from industrial data, from the literature, and based on expert opinion. By means of simulations, the model was explored using a baseline calibration and alternative scenarios, in order to assess the impact of changes in the process and of accidental events. The results are reported as contamination distributions and as the probability that the product will be acceptable with regards to the European regulatory safety criterion. Our results are consistent with data provided by industrial partners and highlight that tumbling is a key step for the distribution of the contamination at the end of the process. Process chain models could provide an important added value for risk assessment models that basically consider only the outputs of the process in their risk mitigation strategies. Moreover, a model calibrated to correspond to a specific plant could be used to optimize surveillance. 相似文献
216.
Alexander Rotshtein Denis Katelnikov Ludmila Pustylnik Brian A. Polin 《Risk analysis》2023,43(5):958-978
This article offers a method for analyzing the reliability of a man–machine system (MMS) and ranking of influencing factors based on a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM). The ranking of influencing factors is analogous to the ranking of system elements the probabilistic theory of reliability. To approximate the dependence of “influencing factors—reliability,” the relationship of variable increments is used, which ensures the sensitivity of the reliability level to variations in the levels of influencing factors. The novelty of the method lies in the fact that the expert values of the weights of the FCM graph edges (arcs) are adjusted based on the results of observations using a genetic algorithm. The algorithm's chromosomes are generated from the intervals of acceptable values of edge weights, and the selection criterion is the sum of squares of deviations of the reliability simulation results from observations. The method is illustrated by the example of a multifactor analysis of the reliability of the “driver–car–road” system. It is shown that the FCM adjustment reduces the discrepancy between the reliability forecast and observations almost in half. Possible applications of the method can be complex systems with vaguely defined structures whose reliability depends very much on interrelated factors measured expertly. 相似文献
217.
Visual speech cues from a speaker's talking face aid speech segmentation in adults, but despite the importance of speech segmentation in language acquisition, little is known about the possible influence of visual speech on infants' speech segmentation. Here, to investigate whether there is facilitation of speech segmentation by visual information, two groups of English-learning 7-month-old infants were presented with continuous speech passages, one group with auditory-only (AO) speech and the other with auditory-visual (AV) speech. Additionally, the possible relation between infants' relative attention to the speaker's mouth versus eye regions and their segmentation performance was examined. Both the AO and the AV groups of infants successfully segmented words from the continuous speech stream, but segmentation performance persisted for longer for infants in the AV group. Interestingly, while AV group infants showed no significant relation between the relative amount of time spent fixating the speaker's mouth versus eyes and word segmentation, their attention to the mouth was greater than that of AO group infants, especially early in test trials. The results are discussed in relation to the possible pathways through which visual speech cues aid speech perception. 相似文献
218.
Andrey SHEVCHUK Denis STREBKOV 《International labour review / International Labour Office》2023,162(1):1-22
This article traces the development of the online labour market in the Russian Federation and across the wider post-Soviet space. The authors draw on the unique data of four waves of an online survey for 2009, 2011, 2014 and 2019 on the leading Russian-speaking general-purpose platform for creative and knowledge-based work. The results shed light on key trends, such as spatial decentralization, occupational diversification, feminization, maturing, rising educational attainment and educational mismatch, the consolidation of freelance careers, platformization and legalization. The article discusses these findings and their potential policy implications for the future development of online platform work in the Russian Federation. 相似文献
219.
Les auteurs décrivent l'évolution du marché du travail indépendant en ligne en Fédération de Russie et dans l'espace postsoviétique. Les données proviennent d'une enquête originale, adressée à quatre reprises, entre 2009 et 2019, aux utilisateurs d'une grande plateforme d'intermédiation en langue russe, axée sur les métiers créatifs et l'économie du savoir. Plusieurs tendances se dégagent: expansion de l'aire de recrutement; diversification des spécialisations; féminisation, vieillissement et qualification de la main-d'œuvre; péjoration de l'adéquation profil-tâches; consolidation des parcours indépendants en ligne, plateformisation et formalisation. Les auteurs commentent ces évolutions et formulent des recommandations d'action en vue du développement futur du secteur en Fédération de Russie. 相似文献