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501.
502.
Derivation of a biological quality index for river sites: comparison of the observed with the expected fauna 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
A method for the national assessment of the biological quality of river sites is developed. Multivariate discrimination, based on site environmental characteristics, is used on a biological classification of reference sites to derive a procedure to predict the fauna to be expected in the absence of environmental stress. Various quality indices, based on a comparison of the observed with the expected fauna, are proposed. The sizes of the various sources of error and variation, and their effects on the rates of misclassification to quality bands, are examined. 相似文献
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Abstract Drawing on theories of family organization and labor-market structures, it is argued that teenagers represent a useful target population for research on the effects of race, household characteristics, and local labor markets on labor-force participation. Toward this end, predictive models of labor-force participation are applied to a sample of all white and black 16- to 18-year-olds living at home in nonmetropolitan and metropolitan labor-market areas in the United States. Beyond the higher labor-force participation of white youths, both local labor-market characteristics and family resources affect teenage labor-force participation. Participation of white youths was more closely linked to family resources and local economic conditions than that of black youths. Queuing theories of labor-force participation are used to interpret these findings. 相似文献
505.
Abstract The changing relationship between work and poverty in non-metropolitan (nonmetro) America is documented using data from the 1980 and 1990 March supplements of the Current Population Survey. Specifically, this paper assesses changing differentials in the proportion of poor people who are working; documents the rapid rise in poverty among nonmetro and metropolitan (metro) workers during the 1979—1989 period, especially among young adults and females; and provides evidence of growing inequality between metro and nonmetro workers, a pattern that cannot be explained by differences in work attachment, human capital, or job characteristics. The results imply that poverty is a persistent if not increasingly harsh reality for workers in rural America. 相似文献
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In this paper, we consider a periodic review order-up-to-level (or base stock) inventory control system under normally distributed demand. For such circumstances, an expression for the exact fill rate (fraction of demand satisfied without backordering) has been available in the literature, but has not been widely known, let alone used by practitioners. In this paper, we redevelop the expression and contrast our derivation with the earlier published one. The paper has two purposes. First, we hope that the reappearance of the exact result in this journal will lead to its wider adoption. Second, showing two contrasting approaches to obtaining the same result may be useful for both research and pedagogical purposes. 相似文献
508.
Choi YJ Langhorst DM Meshberg-Cohen S Svikis DS 《Journal of social work practice in the addictions》2011,11(4):352-374
Alcohol and drug dependent women are at increased risk for HIV/STDs. This paper discusses how a prevention curriculum, "Safer Sex Skill Building" (SSB), designed to reduce the contraction of HIV/STDs among drug-abusing women, could be modified to fit the needs of alcohol-abusing women in a residential treatment program. Authors modified the SSB by incorporating feedback from expert consultants as well as by engaging study participants in revising the therapy manual in order to create a curriculum that speaks to participants' experiences. Specific steps to assist those who would want to adapt an empirically-based manual-driven treatment intervention are provided. 相似文献
509.
Collins KS Strieder FH DePanfilis D Tabor M Freeman PA Linde L Greenberg P 《Child welfare》2011,90(6):29-47
Families living in urban poverty, enduring chronic and complex traumatic stress, and having difficulty meeting their children's basic needs have significant child maltreatment risk factors. There is a paucity of family focused, trauma-informed evidence-based interventions aimed to alleviate trauma symptomatology, strengthen family functioning, and prevent child abuse and neglect. Trauma Adapted Family Connections (TA-FC) is a manualized trauma-focused practice rooted in the principles of Family Connections (FC), an evidence supported preventive intervention developed to address the glaring gap in services for this specific, growing, and underserved population. This paper describes the science based development of TA-FC, its phases and essential components, which are based on theories of attachment, neglect, trauma, and family interaction within a comprehensive community-based family focused intervention framework. 相似文献
510.