Les disparités salariales entre effectifs permanents et effectifs temporaires chez les jeunes,dans trois pays européens

Les auteurs étudient les disparités salariales chez les jeunes (25–40 ans) dans trois pays européens (Allemagne, France et Italie) en utilisant les statistiques de l'EU‐SILC (2010). La méthode fait appel à des régressions fondées sur la fonction d'influence recentrée et à des techniques d'estimation par repondération. Elle vise à faire apparaître le rôle des caractéristiques relatives à l'individu et au poste de travail aux différents points de la répartition des salaires. La part de l'écart qui reste inexpliquée est considérable en Italie, pour tous les centiles. En France, elle s'atténue dans le haut de la répartition. En Allemagne, elle n'est jamais significative.     

Local Influence Analysis in AB–BA Crossover Designs

The aim of this article is to develop methodology for detecting influential observations in crossover models with random individual effects. Various case‐weighted perturbations are performed. We obtain the influence of the perturbations on each parameter estimator and on their dispersion matrices. The obtained results exhibit the possibility to obtain closed‐form expressions of the influence using the residuals in mixed linear models. Some graphical tools are also presented.     

Rank covariance matrix estimation of a partially known covariance matrix

Classical multivariate methods are often based on the sample covariance matrix, which is very sensitive to outlying observations. One alternative to the covariance matrix is the affine equivariant rank covariance matrix (RCM) that has been studied in Visuri et al. [2003. Affine equivariant multivariate rank methods. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 114, 161–185]. In this article we assume that the covariance matrix is partially known and study how to estimate the corresponding RCM. We use the properties that the RCM is affine equivariant and that the RCM is proportional to the inverse of the regular covariance matrix, and hence reduce the problem of estimating the original RCM to estimating marginal rank covariance matrices. This is a great computational advantage when the dimension of the original data vector is large.     

Strategic sustainability and financial performance: exploring abnormal returns

The ongoing empirical debate about whether SRI is associated, if anything, with subpar or surpassing financial performance is characterized by a somewhat indistinct focus and the infeasibility of tapping the full potential of existing models. By indistinct focus, we mean an analysis based on an aggregation of a myriad of SRI factors that potentially affect a firm’s financial performance. The inability of taking full advantage of existing models is reflected by the fact that studies with European data have not been able to comprehensively account for systematic risk tilts. This paper presents a portfolio analysis that overcomes these issues by analyzing a distinct selection of small and innovative firms. We argue that both their strategic implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility and the general growth in socially responsible investments (SRI) lend themselves to an explanation for positive abnormal returns of this portfolio. We account for the idiosyncratic investment style of SRI by introducing a comprehensive pan-European risk-adjusted portfolio analysis based on the Carhart four-factor model. A novel propensity score matching method in conjunction with the estimation of structural models completes the conventional robustness checks in the literature.     

Assessment of clinical relevance by considering point estimates and associated confidence intervals

For the proof of efficacy of a new drug in a placebo‐controlled clinical trial it is not sufficient merely to demonstrate a statistically significant treatment difference. In recent years, regulatory authorities have strongly recommended assessing additionally whether the observed effect size is also of clinical relevance. This opinion is reflected in various guidelines which are of the utmost importance for the successful approval of a new drug. Clinical relevance can be investigated by responder analyses or by considering the point estimates on the original scale together with the associated confidence intervals. In this paper, we focus on the latter approach and discuss the suitability of different criteria which are commonly applied in medical research. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Entscheidungsprozesse fördern

Promoting decision processes. An example of the work of parish advice/organisation development First, you will find an exmaple of the kind of work done in parish advice/organisation development. Then the development of the working concept of parish advice/organisation development is highlighted. The example shows the advisory structuring of a decision finding process concerning the question: which of the four existing parish centres should be closed in the future?     

A comparative study of U.S. and Iraqi students

This study uses a sample comprised of U.S. students and Iraqi students to determine if differences occur over ethical perceptions based on cultural/demographic issues. Irrespective of demographics, the results of this study indicate significant cultural differences between Iraqi students and American students with regard to selected ethical issues concerning graduate education. Specifically the differences occurred in the students' perceptions of winning is everything, selling one's soul, logic before emotion, and pander to professors. Iraqi students consistently viewed these beliefs as more necessary for success in their graduate education than did their American counterparts.