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991.
Board size and corporate performance: the missing role of board leadership structure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Khaled Elsayed 《Journal of Management and Governance》2011,15(3):415-446
Different arguments have been introduced in the literature both for and against large and small board sizes. In this context,
empirical evidence regarding the impact of board size on corporate performance is less conclusive, which means that further
study is needed. Contrary to previous work, it is hypothesized in this study that the relationship between board size and
corporate performance is more likely to be confounded by board leadership structure. Econometric analysis provided strong
evidence for the applicability of this hypothesis and demonstrated that board size positively affects corporate performance
in the presence of CEO non-duality (board leadership structure that is split between the roles of the CEO and the roles of
the chairman). Furthermore, board size is shown to have a negative influence on corporate performance in the presence of CEO
duality (board leadership structure that assigns the roles of both CEO and chairman to the same person). This conclusion is
robust to the use of different measures of corporate performance, control variables and econometric models. Thus, these findings
cast doubt on most of the existing evidence that posits that either large or small board size is always the best alternative
to be followed in all organizations. 相似文献
992.
Lee‐Joy Cheng 《International migration (Geneva, Switzerland)》2009,47(4):157-185
By using economics, welfare and social network factors as frames of reference, this study aims to explore the relationship between these three factors and net migration to various US states. Adopting related variables collected from official aggregate data, this study first utilizes Logit Regression analysis to draw out seven variables that best explain net migration to the various states, then employs these variables in LISREL analyses to build a model explaining the factors influencing net migration to the various US states. Concretely, this research obtained the following findings: (1) the seven variables ‐‐ the average rate of net migrants of 2002–2005, Medicaid, federal aid, employment rate, non‐poverty population rate, and SSI subsidy ‐‐ all significantly affected (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) net migration in 2006; (2) the main influences on net migration for the various states are, from highest to lowest, social network, economic, and welfare factors. More specifically, a better explanation is that, through the social network factor, economic and welfare factors exert an increased influence on the net number of migrants; and (3) as for the influence of social network factors on the number of net migrants, the social network factor for the previous year was found to best explain domestic migration flows, while the social network factor for the previous three‐to‐four years best explained international migration flows. 相似文献
993.
Elena Sherwood 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2009,37(4):332-339
This theoretical discussion shed lights on the elements that impact on Canadian military marriages. A case example is presented
to illustrate the value of using the strengths perspective, systems theory and attachment theory when assessing couples in
this group. It further demonstrates how different assessment approaches produce significantly varied treatment plans. 相似文献
994.
Houy Nicolas 《Social Choice and Welfare》2009,33(4):691-698
We show the necessary and sufficient conditions for any two of the sets of stable, generalized stable, absorbing or admissible
sets of an abstract decision problem to coincide. We show that all these conditions can be written as depending only on the
number of predecessors or successors of some alternatives. 相似文献
995.
Vivian Shapiro 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2009,37(1):45-55
This paper reviews the work of Professor Selma Fraiberg who became a leading figure in the field of infant mental health.
Born in 1918 she first received an MSW in Social Work and then undertook her Analytic Training in Detroit Michigan. While
she maintained her identity as a social worker throughout her life, she integrated insights from the fields of social work,
psychoanalysis and developmental and ego psychology in her research and practice. This paper traces her development as a clinician,
researcher, and educator. Three cases describe her ability to integrate social work methodologies with analytic insights.
The cases describe the treatment of a latency age child at a time of social change, a clinical research study of the developmental
risk of children blind from birth, and a groundbreaking study in the field of infant mental health. Her study of infants at
developmental risk focused on the parent /infant relationship and parents were included in the treatment process so that they
could become more attuned to their young child. Her work highlighted the intergenerational issues that shaped the parental
capacity for empathic nurturance between parent and child. The article Ghosts in the Nursery incorporated the major theoretical concepts of the new theoretical approach to treatment and is still much read in graduate
programs today. Although extensive new research has added to the field of infant mental health, her contributions are still
relevant to research and practice today. 相似文献
996.
997.
David Cunningham 《Qualitative sociology》2009,32(4):355-377
Models that purport to explain the interplay between dissidents and the state generally assert, either explicitly or implicitly,
that the path from state interests to action to outcomes is a linear one. Using the case of the United Klans of America (UKA)
in North Carolina, I argue that state efforts to exert social control upon a perceived threat are shaped by a range of internal
and external contingencies. In particular, I undertake a comparative analysis of two state agencies to demonstrate how a particular
mechanism—ambivalence, here conceptualized as the relational consequence of a mismatch between organizational culture and organizational goals—leads
to distinct, and sometimes heterogeneous, actions and outcomes not directly traceable to organizational mandates. Findings
lend insight into how endogenous organizational processes shape contentious political outcomes in potentially divergent ways. 相似文献
998.
Despite the prevalence of goal setting in organizations, researchers have not thoroughly examined the implications of goal setting to work outcomes in interdependent work settings. A field survey (n= 442) assessed the relation of goal setting and goal sharing, the extent to which others are aware of an individual's work goal, to performance and conflict across varying levels of task interdependence. The results of moderated regression analyses demonstrate that in highly interdependent tasks, the use of goal setting resulted in lower performance levels. Moreover, goal setting and goal sharing in highly interdependent tasks resulted in individuals' reporting more somatic symptoms. The results are discussed in terms of clarifying the role of goal setting for interdependent tasks. 相似文献
999.
This study investigated the relationships among social ties, task-related communication, and first industrial job performance of a group of young engineers by utilizing a cooperative (coop) engineering program as a natural study. The coop arrangement allowed the researcher to examine the work behavior of these young engineers with similar academic training who were working on comparable work assignments in the same set of organizations.The study found that the job performance of the coop engineers was related to the pattern of work- related communication but not the total number of contacts. Specifically, high performance new engineers were integrated more broadly into the interpersonal communication networks than low performance new engineers. Moreover, high performance new engineers exhibited communication patterns similar to those of high performance veteran engineers working on similar types of technical work. Social ties with the company staff was found to be related positively with job performance, but social ties with other coop engineers was found to be related negatively with job performance, a result which challenges an implicit assumption often made by researchers and managers about the organizational socialization of newcomers. Overall, this study provides an integrative framework for relating social ties and communication as key factors for understanding the job performance of young engineers and presents a methodology for assessing their organizational assimilation. 相似文献
1000.
Dawn S. Carlson Denise Rotondo Fernandez Lee P. Stepina 《International Journal of Value-Based Management》1996,9(2):153-168
The present study examines the level of work-nonwork conflict found in eight countries categorized by value dimensions of individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity. Results indicate that masculine/collectivist countries have the lowest level of work-nonwork conflict. In addition, it was found that in masculine/collectivist countries, the work role dominates over the nonwork role. 相似文献