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141.
AbstractInfants born prematurely may lack full term exposure to the prenatal milieu responsible for late-term sexual differentiation, with possible consequences on psychosexual development. This study assessed gender identity, sexual orientation, and adult sexual responses in men and women born either preterm or full term. An online survey was administered to 106 biological males (36 preterm) and 195 biological females (64 preterm). Preterm women identified less exclusively as heterosexual and preterm men reported higher sex interest and shorter orgasmic latency. Preterm birth may interfere with typical prenatal sexual differentiation, with potential effects on sexual orientation and adult sexual responsivity. 相似文献
142.
Glenn W. Harrison Lasse J. Jessen Morten I. Lau Don Ross 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2018,34(1):225-253
We study Danish adult gambling behavior with an emphasis on discovering patterns relevant to public health forecasting and economic welfare assessment of policy. Methodological innovations include measurement of formative in addition to reflective constructs, estimation of prospective risk for developing gambling disorder rather than risk of being falsely negatively diagnosed, analysis with attention to sample weights and correction for sample selection bias, estimation of the impact of trigger questions on prevalence estimates and sample characteristics, and distinguishing between total and marginal effects of risk-indicating factors. The most significant novelty in our design is that nobody was excluded on the basis of their response to a ‘trigger’ or ‘gateway’ question about previous gambling history. Our sample consists of 8405 adult Danes. We administered the Focal Adult Gambling Screen to all subjects and estimate prospective risk for disordered gambling. We find that 87.6% of the population is indicated for no detectable risk, 5.4% is indicated for early risk, 1.7% is indicated for intermediate risk, 2.6% is indicated for advanced risk, and 2.6% is indicated for disordered gambling. Correcting for sample weights and controlling for sample selection has a significant effect on prevalence rates. Although these estimates of the ‘at risk’ fraction of the population are significantly higher than conventionally reported, we infer a significant decrease in overall prevalence rates of detectable risk with these corrections, since gambling behavior is positively correlated with the decision to participate in gambling surveys. We also find that imposing a threshold gambling history leads to underestimation of the prevalence of gambling problems. 相似文献
143.
Don Fullerton 《Risk analysis》2011,31(6):923-929
While prior literature has identified various effects of environmental policy, this note uses the example of a proposed carbon permit system to illustrate and discuss six different types of distributional effects: (1) higher prices of carbon‐intensive products, (2) changes in relative returns to factors like labor, capital, and resources, (3) allocation of scarcity rents from a restricted number of permits, (4) distribution of the benefits from improvements in environmental quality, (5) temporary effects during the transition, and (6) capitalization of all those effects into prices of land, corporate stock, or house values. The note also discusses whether all six effects could be regressive, that is, whether carbon policy could place disproportionate burden on the poor. 相似文献
144.
In a study of life science firms, we find that, in accordance with predictions drawn from agency theory and behavioral agency theory, CEO stock ownership is negatively associated with licensing while CEO stock options are positively associated with licensing. Furthermore, by combining theoretical insights from the capabilities literature with both agency theory and behavioral agency theory, we predict that a key measure of capabilities in the licensing context—a firm's alliance experience—significantly influences the ways in which CEO equity incentives impact licensing. More specifically, we find that, in accordance with our theoretical predictions, alliance experience positively (negatively) moderates the relationship between CEO stock ownership (CEO stock options) and licensing. Our study contributes to the wider literature on the determinants of licensing by examining whether licensing is sensitive to CEO equity incentives. We also extend the capabilities literature on licensing by examining the contrasting influences of a firm's alliance experience on the relationship between CEO equity incentives and licensing. Our findings also inform behavioral agency-based research on the effects of equity incentives by highlighting the usefulness of a capabilities perspective in augmenting our understanding of the behavioral role of CEO equity incentives. 相似文献
145.
Strauss SM Astone-Twerell JM Munoz-Plaza C Des Jarlais DC Gwadz M Hagan H Osborne A Rosenblum A 《Journal of drug education》2006,36(2):141-158
Staff in drug treatment programs are in an optimal position to support the hepatitis C related needs of their patients. To do so effectively, however, staff need to have accurate information about the hepatitis C virus (HCV). This article examines the HCV knowledge of staff (N= 104) in two drug-free and two methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs) in the New York metropolitan area. Five of 20 items on an HCV Knowledge Assessment were not answered correctly by the majority of the participating staff, and total scores on the Assessment averaged 70%, 71%, and 45% among the medically credentialed staff, non-medically credentialed staff in the MMTPs, and non-medically credentialed staff in the drug-free programs, respectively. The majority of those in the latter group had never participated in a training specifically devoted to HCV. Results suggest the need for effective HCV-related training for all staff in drug treatment programs. 相似文献
146.
147.
The problem of the juvenile status offender (JSO) continues to arouse the concern of professional and lay persons alike. Most problematic is the question of what constitutes an appropriate response to these so-called offenders. In the past these juveniles have been dealt with as a legal problem by the court system. This strategy of functionally categorizing the JSO with the more serious juvenile offenders is harmful to the juveniles and burdensome to society as well. The present paper describes an alternate response to the problem. The intervention is based on a psychological conception of the problem rather than a legal one. Specifically, family therapy is the core of the intervention strategy. An evaluation of this program is reported. It was found that juveniles treated under the new program were referred to the court system significantly less often than a similar sample obtained before the inception of the program. 相似文献
148.
149.
Evidence is accumulating which suggests that public employee pay levels may contain substantial rent components. The purpose
of this study is twofold: to relate the theories of public choice and competitive rent seeking to this evidence and to improve
upon existing estimates of rent levels by incorporating the effects of fringe benefits and stability of employment. This study
concludes that once nonwage forms of compensation are included, economic rents are contained in pay levels at all three levels
of government for both sexes.
The authors wish to acknowledge their immense debt to Sharon Smith, who provided us with much of the data used in this study.
The assistance of Betsy Rankin is also gratefully acknowledged. The authors alone, however, are responsible for the contents
of this article. 相似文献
150.
Donald W. Helbig Habib R. Siddiqui Samuel B. Hopkins Paul A. Harper Rowland V. Rider 《Demography》1970,7(4):467-482
In 1967 there was a sample survey of women who had had IUD insertions in West Pakistan during the first 18 months of the Pakistan National Family Planning Program which began in July, 1965. The 12 month retention rate, including reinsertions, per 100 respondents was 56. Certain gross relationships between respondent characteristics and IUD retention were found. Respondents age 35+ and with 5+ living children and respondents who had insertions within two months postpartum had relatively high retention rates. Respondent characteristics associated with low retention rates included: age 35+ with 0–4 living children; reasons other than family planning reported as reasons for insertion; less than one-half hour travel time required to obtain insertion; not informed at time of insertion about side-effects of IUD; and insertion during last six months of 1966. Consistency of response was evaluated by reinterviewing a sample of respondents. The significance of the 43 percent non-response rate was evaluated by making further attempts to interview a sample of non-respondents. 相似文献