Fertility differentials among the tribal groups of Sierra Leone

Abstract Sierra Leone is in a position typical of many African countries regarding accurate information on her basic demographic characteristics. Such vital registration as exists is confined to a small area and there has been only one census of any reliability, that of 1963. Estimates of fertility levels from the age distribution obtained from that enumeration have been made by Dow, the method having been used previously by Van de Walle for Nigeria.     

FISCAL ILLUSION AND THE GRANTOR GOVERNMENT IN CANADA

Recent work on the U.S. concludes that one or more illusions are responsible for the empirically observed "flypaper effect." Using annual Canadian data for the period 1962–84, we test the "single-illusion" and "dual-illusion" specifications currently in the literature. While the empirical results support the dual-illusion specification, it is not the unambiguous choice over single-illusion specifications as previously found. Further, the nature of the grant system in Canada raises questions about whether illusions or real factors produce the empirical results.     

Part-Time Workers in Welfare: Who Wins,Who Loses,and Why?

This paper reviews the literature on part-time employment and presents data from a survey of part-time social workers in Melbourne. Information on part-time employment by age and gender is presented and industrial issues relevant to part-time work are discussed. Data on demographic characteristics, working conditions and employer perception of advantages and disadvantages of part-time social work are presented from a postal survey of Melbourne health and social welfare agencies.     

Trade unions,corporatism, and inflation

This paper examines the argument that the exchange of powers and responsibilities between government and producer group interests (and, in particular, trade unions) under a bargained form of corporatism confers industrial relations benefits in the form of reduced strikes and economic benefits via lessened inflationary pressures. Focusing largely on the inflation question, an alternative argument is entered to the effect that corporatist experimentation threatens directly to exacerbate the problem in part correctly diagnosed by certain corporatist analysts in their discussion of the fundamental determinants of inflation. Empirical evidence with a bearing on these issues is evaluated. Helpful comments from Joe Reid Jr., Ken Mayhew, Stan Siebert, and the participants in the labor workshop at Hannover are gratefully acknowledged. The usual disclaimers attach.     

CHANGING PATTERNS OF SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION IN URBAN CANADA, 1961–1971*

Les configurations de la différenciation spatiale en 1971 sont examinées à partir des données par secteurs de recensement et on trouve qu'elles sont assez proches de celles de 1961. Le niveau socioéconomique a varié principalement par secteur, la situation familiale a varié par zone, et le statut ethnique n'a varié ni par l'un ni par l'autre d'une manière marquante. Bien que les changements décennaux soient petits, nos résultats sont en opposition avec l'hypothèse évolutionniste de Schnore en ce qui concerne la différenciation socioéconomique. Dans la majorité des villes canadiennes, le statut des secteurs de recensement du centre ville s'est effectivement élevé et le statut des secteurs des faubourgs a baissé. La situation familiale devient plus différenciée par zone, ce qui soutient l'hypothèse évolutionniste. Le statut ethnique décrit seulement de faibles configurations par zone et par secteur pour les deux années étudiées.
Using census tract data, patterns of spatial differentiation in 1971 are examined and found to be fairly close to those that existed in 1961. Spatial patterning of socioeconomic status was dominantly sectoral, family status was zonal, and ethnic status not markedly one orthe other. Though the changes during the decade are small, our findings run contrary to the evolutionary hypothesis of Schnore with regard to socioeconomic differentiation. The majority of Canadian cities actually increased in the status of inner-city census tracts and decreased in the status of outlying, suburban tracts. Family status is becoming more zonally differentiated, which is supportive of the evolutionary hypothesis. Ethnic status describes only rather weak zonal and sectoral patterns in either year.     

Effects of facial expression and stare duration on walking speed: Two field experiments

Two field experiments investigated the generality of the stare-escape phenomenon for pedestrians. Experiment 1, conducted at a traffic intersection, failed to replicate a previous finding that being stared at leads to faster walking speed. One hypothesis that could explain this failure is that the relatively short staring times used in Experiment 1 were insufficient for subjects to attribute a threatening meaning to the stare. In Experiment 2, conducted at a library elevator, duration of staring was systematically varied—either 2 seconds or more than 15 seconds. Consistent with the attribution time hypothesis, subjects increased walking speed after a long stare but decreased it after a short stare. In both experiments a smile coupled with a stare appeared to neutralize the effects of a stare alone.The authors would like to thank Clyde Hendrick for his valuable comments on an earlier draft of this paper.