成都特色乡村旅游发展及特色研究——兼谈对社会主义新农村建设的促进作用

本文从发展历程、特色类型、经营方式、政府扶持与规制办法四个方面研究了成都特色乡村旅游的发展模式,分析了成都特色乡村旅游带来的政治、经济、社会、文化效益。指出应加强成都特色乡村旅游的文化内涵,促进其良性发展,优化成都社会主义新农村的建设平台。     

高校扩招与城市发展

高校扩招已成为社会和教育界讨论的热点问题。全面认识高校扩招与城市发展之间的相互关系,对于城市建设与高校发展都具有十分重要的作用。高校扩招与城市发展具有正相关性,城市发展为高校扩招提供了市场需求,高校扩招是促进城市发展的重要途径。本文从城市发展的角度,给出了高校扩招后的建议,提出了大力发展应用型大学的必要性。     

Effects of a ball-backrest chair on the muscles associated with upper crossed syndrome when working at a VDT

This study examined the effect of a ball-backrest chair on the weakness and tightness of muscles associated with upper crossed syndrome when working at a visual display terminal (VDT). The surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the serratus anterior, middle trapezius, and upper trapezius muscles of 20 adults as they performed VDT work, which are known as the weakened and tightened muscles of upper crossed syndrome. The recorded signals were averaged and normalized to the mean amplitude of the EMG signal obtained during submaximal reference voluntary contractions. The significance of differences between the use of a general-purpose backrest and a ball backrest was tested by paired t-test, with the significance cutoff set at alpha=0.05. The activities of the serratus anterior and middle trapezius muscles increased and that of the upper trapezius muscle decreased when sitting in a ball-backrest chair compared to when sitting in a chair with a general-purpose backrest (p<0.05). These results indicate that the use of a ball-backrest chair reduces the risk of patients with upper crossed syndrome developing muscles soreness or injury related to overuse when working at a VDT.     

Urge to Gamble in Problem Gamblers Exposed to a Casino Environment

Cue-reactivity has received increased attention in addiction research, though not for gambling in particular. We examined cue reactivity in 18 problem gamblers by accompanying them to a gaming casino and measuring their subjective urge to gamble over a 1-h period. Half of the sample was additionally exposed to a gambling-specific negative mood induction (NMI) manipulation via guided imagery. Overall, about two-thirds of the sample reported moderate to high-gambling urges during the casino exposure. Additionally, the NMI reduced cue-reactivity. Finally, gambling urges in both groups decreased over the course of the exposure sessions. These findings suggest that a majority of problem gamblers experience the urge to gamble when exposed to gambling cues and that the intensity of these urges decrease with time, especially in the presence of a gambling-relevant NMI. Cue exposure should be studied further as a potential tool in the treatment of problem gambling.     

The life-course origins of mastery among older people

In this article, we aim to identify the sources of mastery--the understanding that individuals hold about their ability to control the circumstances of their lives. The sample for our inquiry was drawn from the Medicare beneficiary files of people 65 and older living in Washington, DC, and two adjoining Maryland counties. We find that past circumstances, particularly those reflecting status attainment and early exposure to intractable hardships, converge with stressors experienced in late life to influence elders' level of mastery. The impact of past conditions, however, does not necessarily directly affect the current mastery of older people. Instead, the effect of prior experiences on current mastery is mediated by what we refer to as life-course mastery: one's belief that one has directed and managed the trajectories that connect one's past to the present. Our analyses show that life-course mastery largely serves as the mediating channel through which individuals connect their past to their present.     

社会学视野中青少年越轨现象的整合研究

将"青少年是否实施越轨行为"看作一个"因变量",通过对越轨社会学的七大理论取向进行分析和评估,从中提取符合中国社会情境、可以解释中国青少年越轨现象即对本文设定的"因变量"产生作用的12个"自变量".在提取"自变量"的基础上,进行理论整合,建立了一个可以分析我国青少年越轨现象的整合性理论模型,并根据整合后的理论,对预防和解决中国青少年越轨现象提出了系统性的建议.     

从文学活动"四要素"看当前文学经典的重构

经典的重构已成为当今文学创作日趋浮躁、日趋世俗化、感官化、日趋追求"明星化"文化策略和时尚效应中一道亮丽的文化景观.经典得以重构是文学活动"四要素"互动的结果.就作品而言,内涵的丰富性、深刻性、震撼力及独特的技法是经典重构的前提.社会生活的多元化、文化价值追求的异质化,作家"影响焦虑"下的颠覆冲动、时尚欲望化追求,读者求新尚奇、狂欢化效果的阅读期待以及时尚批评家的引导,是导致经典重构世俗化、通俗化趋势的外部原因.经典重构过程是一个经典文本与社会生活互动的过程,社会语境影响下的作者和读者作为最活跃因素互为影响地参与了整个过程.     

Bayesian t-tests for correlations and partial correlations

In this paper, we develop Bayes factor based testing procedures for the presence of a correlation or a partial correlation. The proposed Bayesian tests are obtained by restricting the class of the alternative hypotheses to maximize the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the Bayes factor is larger than a specified threshold. It turns out that they depend simply on the frequentist t-statistics with the associated critical values and can thus be easily calculated by using a spreadsheet in Excel and in fact by just adding one more step after one has performed the frequentist correlation tests. In addition, they are able to yield an identical decision with the frequentist paradigm, provided that the evidence threshold of the Bayesian tests is determined by the significance level of the frequentist paradigm. We illustrate the performance of the proposed procedures through simulated and real-data examples.     

校园环境设计的实施策略--以广州市真光中学为例

环境设计的实质是反映人们的生活方式和审美追求,也是社会文化的创造。优美和谐的校园环境是一所学校良好的校团文化和精神文明的一个重要标志。校园环境设计必须从学校的文化背景入手,对学校进行全方位考察,并且让师生共同参与。让文化弥散到每一个角落且突出个性,以强化校园环境的整体风格。