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123.
Household composition choices of older unmarried women 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This article extends previous research on the household composition of older unmarried women, using a statistical model that treats each of a woman's surviving children as a distinct potential provider of a shared household. Additional possibilities--living alone, living with other nuclear-family relatives, and living with others--are also recognized, providing a varied range of household-structure opportunities for older women. The approach allows us to identify individual child attributes associated with the propensity to coreside with the older unmarried mother. The results confirm earlier findings regarding the importance of income, age, and disability status as determinants of the household composition of older women. We find, however, that unmarried children, especially sons, are more likely to share a household with an elderly mother than are married children. Working reduces the likelihood that a married daughter will live with her older mother. Overall, the findings suggest that the attributes, more so than the sheer numbers, of living children influence the household structure of their mothers. 相似文献
124.
This study investigates the relative priority of various job shop dispatching rules for various shop utilization levels under both deterministic and stochastic assumptions with regard to processing times. The primary criterion for evaluation is that of percentage on time completion. The results indicate that an assumption of accurately predetermining actual operation times in most cases is not likely to weaken the analysis and impact of research studies which are performed using such an assumption. Also conclusions indicate that the ranking of dispatching rules according to their effectiveness varies significantly with shop utilization levels. 相似文献
125.
Participatory research: Three models and an analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This article examines three models of participatory research: what we call the parallel process model, the mutual engagement
model, and the University of Central America (UCA) model. These models represent successively greater degrees of academic
engagement with outside communities—from complementary, though not necessarily uncommitted, engagement by academic(s); to
compromised full engagement between the academic(s) and the community; to institutional engagement between the entire university
and the community.
Our analysis outlines the tensions that may arise within participatory research between service and scholarship. We conclude
that for participatory research to capture the attention and involvement of the broader discipline, it must provide a spectrum
of theory, methods, and substance that sociologists find of importance independent of the participatory way in which such
contributions are generated.
This article is based on a paper presented at the 87th Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, D.L. Lawrence
Convention Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, August 20–24, 1992. 相似文献
126.
Heim and Snyder (1991) explicitly applied a multidimensional assessment and data-analytic strategy to predict husbands' and wives' depressive symptoms from measures of marital disaffection, overt marital conflict, appraisals of relationship prognosis, characterizations of the spouse, and causal attributions. For both genders, the best single predictor of depression was a measure of marital disaffection—accounting by itself for approximately one third of the variance in subjects' depressive symptoms. Additional attributional predictors of depression for married women indicated the need for therapists to support wives' assertive expression of relationship concerns and confrontation of husbands' behaviors contributing to their distress. We reiterate the complex and recursive relationships among marital difficulties, depression, congnitive processes, and their antecedents and consequences and encourage focused research on components of this intricate puzzle. 相似文献
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129.
A demonstration of the effect of seasonal migration on fertility 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Fertility estimates were calculated using own children data from the Mexican migrant town of Guadalupe, Michoacan. In this town, 75 percent of families have a member working in the United States, and wives are often regularly separated from their migrant husbands. Simulations by Menken (1979) and Bongaarts and Potter (1979) suggest that fertility among these women should be depressed. Our results confirmed this hypothesis, showing that the seasonal absence of migrant husbands disrupted both the level and timing of fertility. However, the effect was greater for legal than for illegal migrants, a pattern that stemmed from social factors as well as physical separation. A logistic regression analysis showed that reductions in birth probabilities are greater the longer a couple is separated, and that these reductions are in the range expected from prior simulations. 相似文献
130.
For 200 years, criminologists theorized that delinquent and criminal acts arise from deviant psychological states (such as irrationality or immorality) and/or social conditions that produce these psychological states. This theoretical perspective, which is being duplicated in most efforts to understand and control research misconduct, has not been productive. More recently, criminological perspectives have emerged, emphasizing situational factors that enhance or restrict the opportunity for illegal or imprudent behavior. These so-called "opportunity" theories have been shown to have practical value in reducing crime rates. We explore the promise of these newer theories for the responsible conduct of research (RCR). 相似文献