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141.
Régis Pouillot Véronique Goulet Marie Laure Delignette‐Muller Aurélie Mahé Marie Cornu 《Risk analysis》2009,29(6):806-819
A model for the assessment of exposure to Listeria monocytogenes from cold-smoked salmon consumption in France was presented in the first of this pair of articles (Pouillot et al ., 2007, Risk Analysis, 27:683–700). In the present study, the exposure model output was combined with an internationally accepted hazard characterization model, adapted to the French situation, to assess the risk of invasive listeriosis from cold-smoked salmon consumption in France in a second-order Monte Carlo simulation framework. The annual number of cases of invasive listeriosis due to cold-smoked salmon consumption in France is estimated to be 307, with a very large credible interval ([10; 12,453]), reflecting data uncertainty. This uncertainty is mainly associated with the dose-response model. Despite the significant uncertainty associated with the predictions, this model provides a scientific base for risk managers and food business operators to manage the risk linked to cold-smoked salmon contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Under the modeling assumptions, risk would be efficiently reduced through a decrease in the prevalence of L. monocytogenes or better control of the last steps of the cold chain (shorter and/or colder storage during the consumer step), whereas reduction of the initial contamination levels of the contaminated products and improvement in the first steps of the cold chain do not seem to be promising strategies. An attempt to apply the recent risk-based concept of FSO (food safety objective) on this example underlines the ambiguity in practical implementation of the risk management metrics and the need for further elaboration on these concepts. 相似文献
143.
The teaching and public dissemination of Russian history in post-Soviet historiography has been shaped by a variety of approaches, including state-sponsored interpretations, views expressed in mass culture, and the work of academic historians. 相似文献
144.
Paul V. Stock 《The American Sociologist》2010,41(3):277-291
Creative endeavors often resemble one another. This paper explores similarities between sociology and art based on the use
of conventions and creativity. More specifically, by comparing the construction of musical mix tapes, the author draws parallels
between creating sociology and mix tapes. Looking at the process of how a mix tape is created using other artists’ songs and
music for a specified purpose illuminates sociology and our roles as sociologists in a new light that leaves open new possibilities. 相似文献
145.
V. Savani 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(5):767-783
In this article we investigate a class of moment-based estimators, called power method estimators, which can be almost as efficient as maximum likelihood estimators and achieve a lower asymptotic variance than the standard zero term method and method of moments estimators. We investigate different methods of implementing the power method in practice and examine the robustness and efficiency of the power method estimators. 相似文献
146.
William V. Gehrlein 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2013,42(4):349-358
For four variables x1,x2, x3 and x4, which have a quadrivariate normal distribution with means equal to zero, the positive ortrhant probability is the probability that all of the x.'s are simultaneously positive. A representation for the quadrivariate normal positive orthant probability is obtained and it is a function of no more than three integrals over a single variable. Extensive testing has shown this representation to be very efficient on a computational basis. 相似文献
147.
We examined the contribution of relational aggression in adolescents' peer and dating relationships to their psychological and behavioral adjustment. In the Fall and again four months later, 1279 (646 female) grade 9 students reported on relational aggression perpetration and victimization in their romantic and peer relationships, depression/anxiety symptoms (psychological adjustment) and delinquency (behavioral adjustment). Using hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for Time 1 adjustment/behavior, peer relational aggression perpetration predicted depression/anxiety. Dating relational victimization also predicted depression/anxiety, but only for girls. Furthermore, girls who were perpetrators of relational aggression in both peer and dating contexts were most likely to show increases in delinquent behavior. We conclude that dating and peer relationships are not redundant, but make independent and additive contributions to adolescent adjustment. Girls, in particular, may be at greatest risk for poor outcomes when they have relationally aggressive relationships. Results also highlight the need for greater awareness of the complexity and significance of adolescent dating relationships. 相似文献
148.
Representations are obtained for the probabilities that a Strict Borda Paradox and a Strong Borda Paradox are observed for
large electorates with three candidates under the standard assumptions of Impartial Culture and Impartial Anonymous Culture.
These representations are obtained for general weighted scoring rules (WSRs), and the probabilities are found to be maximized
for voting rules like plurality rule and negative plurality rule. It is found that these paradox probabilities are not reduced
for every scoring rule with the introduction of some degree of dependence among voters’ preferences with IAC. It is concluded
that actual observances of a Strict Borda Paradox should be extremely rare, and that while observances of a Strong Borda Paradox
should also be rare, they might occasionally be witnessed. 相似文献
149.
The ability to effectively regulate emotions is a critical component of early socio‐emotional development. This longitudinal study examined the developmental trajectories of emotion regulation in a sample of 3‐, 5‐, and 7‐month‐olds during an interaction with mothers and fathers. Infants' negative affect and use of behavioral strategies, including distraction, self‐soothing, and high intensity motor behaviors were rated during the still‐face episode of the Still‐Face Paradigm. Longitudinal mixed‐effects models were tested to determine whether strategies were followed by an increase or decrease in negative affect. Results from mother‐infant and father‐infant dyads indicated that focusing attention away from the unresponsive parent and engaging in self‐soothing behaviors were associated with a subsequent decline in negative affect and the strength of these temporal associations were stable across infancy. In contrast, high‐intensity motor behaviors were followed by an increase in negative affect and this effect declined over time. No significant effects were found for the behavioral strategy of looking at the parent. Results underscore the importance of considering infant age and the social partner when studying the effectiveness of emotion regulatory strategies in early infancy. 相似文献
150.
Aggressive behavior has been well studied in terms of interindividual differences among aggressors and victims, but has been understudied, especially within naturalistic contexts, in terms of aggressor–victim relationships. The social relations model (SRM) is a powerful conceptual and analytic tool for studying dyadic phenomena, and we describe the use of multivariate SRM to study aggression. Boys and girls (N = 210) in middle schools (sixth and seventh grades) completed a newly created dyadic aggression and victimization inventory (DAVI). Results support the reliability and validity of the DAVI in assessing inter‐individual and inter‐dyadic differences in aggression and victimization. Occurrences of aggression were accounted for primarily by inter‐dyadic variability, indicating the importance of considering aggressor–victim relationships. We discuss the implications of this relationship focus for future research and intervention efforts. 相似文献