隐语与谐音

对隐语与谐音进行专题研究，从历时角度出发，分析大量的谐音隐语，展示出谐音在隐语构成和发展中所起的作用：谐音是隐语与所指建立联系的重要手段之一；语际间的谐音运用，生成了一批特殊的音译隐语；为避免不吉的谐音联想而换讳，是部分隐语产生的直接原因；同音替代、近音流转，是隐语滋生繁衍的一种常见形式。同时，就一些具体的词语如“大腕”、“咸水”等提出自己的看法     

Italian Children's Understanding of War: A Domain-Specific Approach

Studies of children's conceptions of war, which have been carried out up to now mainly by asking for a definition of war and associating it with other notions, have found few age-related changes after the age of 6. Considering the complexity of the concept, and its embeddedness in the political conceptual domain, which emerges at around 11 years, we expect that greater differences should emerge if children's ideas on the causes and consequences of war, and the actors involved, are carefully assessed. Semi-structured interviews carried out with a total of 80 Italian children from 2nd to 8th grades confirmed this hypothesis. Many 2nd graders described war as a clash between collectives without structure, attributing all decisions about starting, the development of, and ending a war to the individual fighters and explaining these decisions (when they did) as due to emotions such as hatred, envy, revenge, or being tired or unwilling to fight any longer. Most 6th and 8th graders depicted war as a clash between nation-states, attributing decisions about its starting and ending to political authorities on the basis of political and economic reasons, and the actual fighting of battles to an organized army collaborating with, or subordinate to, political authorities. Many 2nd and 4th graders also showed a mixed pattern of answers, involving both political authorities and individual fighters, thus showing that the transition from the rudimentary backward conception to the more advanced one occurs through the piecemeal addition and deletion of concepts and beliefs.     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEBT LEVEL AND FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY IN ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES

In this article we unify the traditional approaches to testing for fiscal sustainability considering the stock‐flow system that fiscal variables configure. Our approach encompasses previous ways of testing for sustainability. The results obtained for a group of 17 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries point to weak fiscal sustainability, as well as to the existence of cointegration between deficit and debt, confirming the relevance of the stock‐flow approach. Allowing for structural breaks and multicointegration turns out to be of critical importance to assess whether the fiscal authorities apply their policies looking for sustainability and whether, simultaneously, they try to stabilize real debt target levels. (JEL H62, E62, C22)     

"环境工程设计"综合素质培养体系及内容优化

针对“环境工程设计”存在的问题 ,并结合目前我国环保产业对环境工程专业提出的要求 ,优化“环境工程设计”各个教学环节的课程内容、课程深度、课程范围 ,形成“环境工程设计”综合素质培养体系。     

明确目标 突出特色 努力推进重点学科建设

加强重点学科建设 ,努力提高学术水平、教学水平、科研水平 ,是当前我院的一项重要工作。在建设重点学科过程中 ,要加强领导 ,精心组织 ,坚持走群众路线。要科学规划 ,突出特色 ,抓住重点 ,力争用最短的时间使我院的学科建设跃上一个新台阶     

要善于从本质上认识社会主义与资本主义的区别--评关于社会主义与资本主义的"趋同论"

本文对社会主义与资本主义的所谓“趋同论”进行了分析和批判 ,提出要正确认识社会主义与资本主义出现的趋同现象 ,要善于从本质上认识社会主义与资本主义的区别 ,坚定社会主义信念     

三峡库区外迁移民难点及移民心态研究

通过对三峡库区巫山、奉节、云阳外迁移民工作的实地调研 ,概述了外迁移民工作存在的一些困难 ,分析了外迁移民的种种心态及其对三峡库区外迁移民工作的影响 ,提出了把握与改善外迁移民心态 ,促进外迁移民工作的几点建议     

借鉴域外经验推进国家志愿服务立法

随着我国志愿服务事业的蓬勃发展,已有部分省市出台了志愿服务地方性法规.为规范和推进志愿服务事业发展,迫切需要加快国家立法.本文试从学习借鉴域外立法经验的角度,对国家志愿服务立法的重要意义、基本原则、基本内容及重点难点等进行初步的探析,并提出相关的对策.     

Mimetic contagion and speculative bubbles

Conclusion The present essay has focused on specularity as a type of intersubjectivitywithin self-referential systems. We have stressed the self-organizationaldimension of specular processes, which lead to the emergenceof collective objects around which the group structures itself. Rationalbubbles, sunspots, and conventions provided us with examples of thiskind of self-organization within self-referential groups. It seems thatwe have here a theoretical schema that can account for numeroussocial institutions. Such is the case with money, which the overlappinggenerations model shows to belong to the same problematic. We haveobserved that individual and collective representations play an essentialrole in the definition of specular dynamics. In fact, giving thecollectivity a means of interpreting and understanding the natural andsocial environment is a crucial function of these representations. Inspite of its great importance, this cognitive dimension of collectiverepresentations has hardly been explored in previous theorizing. Wehave given priority to a specific form of specularity, namely, mimetism,which is in our view at the very heart of financial processes. Far frombeing the aberration that traditional approaches deem it to be, imita-tion is one of the most important types of rationality in situations ofuncertain and in situations where the agents' outcomes are highlyinterdependent. Our central hypothesis amounts to considering thatthe emergence of speculative bubbles on various kinds of markets canbe explained in terms of mimetic dynamics. Should this hypothesis beconfirmed, it would be possible to account for a phenomenon that isoften observed, namely, the link between bubbles and a decrease inthe diversity of opinion on the market. In our approach, conventionsare taken to be the outcome of a mimetic process. Conventions are thesocial objects created by a unanimous mimetic polarization.     

Competitiveness in Southeastern Europe: from sources to future trends

We examine the issue of regional competitiveness by taking as a discussion example the region of Southeastern Europe. The paper begins with the concepts of national and regional competitiveness and finishes with the results of a survey on the region’s competitiveness.