Introduction to the special issue on welfare conditionality in Australia

Conditionality in Australia’s welfare state has sustained a significant academic critique, including the critique published in this journal. In this Special Issue of the Australian Journal of Social Issues, we contribute to the existing critical literature on welfare conditionality. This Special Issue aimed to provide empirical scrutiny into welfare reform and conditionality in Australia. The articles extend our understanding of welfare conditionality’s underpinnings and its lived effects. These case studies illuminate the aspects of welfare conditionality that have not received enough attention: the role of technology, the question of mobility, the relationship with housing and the little thought given to the state’s role in mutual obligation. What is clear is that the individualisation of structural problems is not just a theoretical and political misstep ripe for critique, but leads to the formulation of policies that impact marginalised people’s capacity to shape life on their own terms. Through different empirical foci, all papers in this Special Issue demonstrate how welfare conditionality is put forward as a solution to address the consequences of structural disadvantage.     

Neurodevelopmental biology associated with childhood sexual abuse

Child maltreatment appears to be the single most preventable cause of mental illness and behavioral dysfunction in the United States. Few published studies examine the developmental and the psychobiological consequences of sexual abuse. There are multiple mechanisms through which sexual abuse can cause post-traumatic stress disorder, activate biological stress response systems, and contribute to adverse brain development. This article will critically review the psychiatric problems associated with maltreatment and the emerging biologic stress system research with a special emphasis on what is known about victimization by sexual abuse.     

Ethnic Identity as a Protective Factor for Looked After and Adopted Children From Ethnic Minority Groups: A Critical Review of the Literature

The development of a strong ethnic identity has been considered to relate to psychological well-being. The aim of this article is to critically review the literature relating to ethnic identity and positive outcomes in looked after and adopted children from ethnic minority groups. A literature search of SCOPUS, PsycINFO, and Medline databases from 2000 to 2010 was conducted to identify qualifying published studies. Studies that pertained to ethnic identity development in children in relation to positive outcomes, adjustment, self-esteem, and psychological well-being were reviewed. Overall, evidence from the studies was mixed, with strong ethnic identity not always found to be indicative of improved psychological adjustment. Methodological limitations of the reviewed studies are discussed, and clinical implications and recommendations for future research are presented.     

奖是手段，励是目的

有奖才有励,但非有奖就有励。 有效的激励,来自有效的奖励。 作为Mindbridge软件公司的首席 运营官,特斯塔(ScottTesta)对自己 所制定的员工激励计划颇为自豪。该 计划旨在激励销售队伍勇攀新的业绩 高峰。公司许诺,业绩出色者可以去 他想去的任何一个地方度周末,公司 将为其支付最高达3000美金的机票及 住宿费用。     

A study of regression calibration in a partially observed stratified Cox model

Regression calibration is a simple method for estimating regression models when covariate data are missing for some study subjects. It consists in replacing an unobserved covariate by an estimator of its conditional expectation given available covariates. Regression calibration has recently been investigated in various regression models such as the linear, generalized linear, and proportional hazards models. The aim of this paper is to investigate the appropriateness of this method for estimating the stratified Cox regression model with missing values of the covariate defining the strata. Despite its practical relevance, this problem has not yet been discussed in the literature. Asymptotic distribution theory is developed for the regression calibration estimator in this setting. A simulation study is also conducted to investigate the properties of this estimator.     

SSRC research group on Modern German Social History: First Meeting: History of the Family,U.E.A., Norwich, 7–8 July 1978

R.J. Holton, The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism (1985), xii+234 (Macmillan, Basingstoke, £20, paperback £6.95).

Antoni Maczak, Henryk Samsonowicz and Peter Burke, East‐Central Europe in Transition: from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century (1985), vii+207 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £22.50).

Paul Slack, The Impact of Plague in Tudor and Stuart England (1985), xvi+443 (Routledge &; Kegan Paul, London, £25.00).

A. L. Beier, Masterless Men: The Vagrancy Problem in England (1985), xv+233 (Methuen, London, £19.95).

John L. McMullan, The Canting Crew: London's Criminal Underworld, 1550–1700 (1984) ix+226 (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, N.J., n.p.).

Maxine Berg, The Age of Manufactures 1700–1820 (1985), 378 (Fontana, London, paperback, £4.95).

Alan Greer, Peasant, Lord, and Merchant: Rural Society in Three Quebec Parishes 1740–1840 (1985), 304 (University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Buffalo and London, n.p.).

Barbara Jeanne Fields, Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century (1985), xv+268 (Yale University Press, New Haven, £27.50).

A. J. Kidd and K. W. Roberts (eds), City, Class and Culture: Studies of Cultural Production and Social Policy in Victorian Manchester (1985), vii + 280 (Manchester University Press, Manchester, £25.00).

Gary S. Messinger, Manchester in the Victorian Age: The Half‐Known City xii+211 (Manchester University Press, Manchester £11.95, paperback £4.95).

Donald Reid, The Miners of Decazeville: A Genealogy of Deindustrialization (1985), ix+333 (Harvard University Press, Boston, $25.00).

Moshe Lewin, The Making of the Soviet System: Essays in the Social History of Interwar Russia (1985), viii+354 (Methuen, London, paperback £8.95).

Derek J. Oddy and Derek S. Miller (eds), Diet and Health in Modern Britain (1985), 326 (Croom Helm, London, £22.50).

Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb (eds), Hunger and History (1985), 336 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £25.00).     

Anality: News From the Front

“Anality: News From the Front” is a critical commentary on Jeffrey Guss's (this issue) paper, “The Danger of Desire: Anal Sex and the Homo/Masculine Subject” and Stephen Botticelli's “Clinical Example.” In her analysis of Guss's argument, Sedgwick situates the dangerous potential of transgressive anal desire as “a revolutionary flash-point to be sought out and exploited” and highlights what she views as Guss's underlying assumption: that “danger is now altogether a thing to be decried and avoided.” Her response to Botticelli is a lively imagined relationship to Botticelli as a therapist, based on his clinical observations documented in “Clinical Example.”     

Operations Strategy Research in the POMS Journal

In this paper, we examine the operations strategy literature in the POMS journal to determine what has been learned and to suggest new directions for further study in this important area of research. Our review of this literature resulted in the selection of thirty‐one relevant articles, many of which draw upon multiple theoretical perspectives. We identify eight such theoretical perspectives, and go on to classify these perspectives in terms of the scope of inquiry employed in the research (focused versus aggregated) and the researcher's assumptions about choice processes (behavioral versus rational). In doing so, we show that this body of work is dominated by papers that draw upon theoretical perspectives enabling a more holistic scope of inquiry, with a bias towards a view of strategy as a highly rational process. Building on our systematic review and integration of the literature, we suggest multiple areas for future research.     

White Flight and the Presence of Neighborhood Nonprofit Organizations: Ethno-racial Transition,Poverty, and Organizational Resources

A growing body of evidence suggests that urban neighborhoods of color experience a dearth of institutional resources, including parks and social services. Yet, little is known of how a key process in the creation and maintenance of racially and ethnically segregated neighborhoods—the flight of whites from integrating neighborhoods—influences the availability of nonprofit human services. Drawing insights from the place stratification perspective and the sociological study of residential segregation by race and ethnicity, we develop hypotheses on the relationship between white flight and nonprofit presence, and test them with a dataset that combines census tract data with data on all nonprofit human service organizations in Los Angeles County in 2001 and 2011. Consistent with the place stratification perspective, we find that white flight is negatively associated with the presence of nonprofit human services after controlling for neighborhood structural characteristics. However, the expectation that the negative effect of white flight on organizational numbers is stronger in poor neighborhoods than in nonpoor neighborhoods is not supported. The negative association between white flight and the presence of nonprofits is equally as pronounced in neighborhoods with low and high levels of poverty.