Building a Human Health Risk Assessment Ontology (RsO): A Proposed Framework

Over the last decade the health and environmental research communities have made significant progress in collecting and improving access to genomic, toxicology, exposure, health, and disease data useful to health risk assessment. One of the barriers to applying these growing volumes of information in fields such as risk assessment is the lack of informatics tools to organize, curate, and evaluate thousands of journal publications and hundreds of databases to provide new insights on relationships among exposure, hazard, and disease burden. Many fields are developing ontologies as a way of organizing and analyzing large amounts of complex information from multiple scientific disciplines. Ontologies include a vocabulary of terms and concepts with defined logical relationships to each other. Building from the recently published exposure ontology and other relevant health and environmental ontologies, this article proposes an ontology for health risk assessment (RsO) that provides a structural framework for organizing risk assessment information and methods. The RsO is anchored by eight major concepts that were either identified by exploratory curations of the risk literature or the exposure‐ontology working group as key for describing the risk assessment domain. These concepts are: (1) stressor, (2) receptor, (3) outcome, (4) exposure event, (5) dose‐response approach, (6) dose‐response metric, (7) uncertainty, and (8) measure of risk. We illustrate the utility of these concepts for the RsO with example curations of published risk assessments for ionizing radiation, arsenic in drinking water, and persistent pollutants in salmon.     

元前文献图籍所载黄河河源

有关黄河河源的概念，古代各种史学、地理、以及宗教文献都有相关记载。早期文献中提出的重源潜流的概念，也为塑造河源空间概念留下了发挥余地。及至唐朝，各种类书、笔记、野史关于位于境外的河源的著述沿用了上述文献中已有的地理知识，并融入了佛教世界观的空间概念以及唐代实地考察的纪录，逐渐构成了河源这一多元化的空间想象。本文探讨了不同知识框架对唐代河源记载的影响，以及在几幅现存宋代地图上所反映出的相关影响。这类文献资料有助于我们理解中古地理知识的深化与演变，以及后代地图上展示河源的更丰富的地图表现形式。     

Anticipated Backward Stochastic Differential Equation with Reflection

In this article, we deal with anticipated backward stochastic differential equation with reflecting boundary. The existence and uniqueness of solution is obtained for equation with Lipschitz and non-Lipschitz generator.     

美国公民教育方法对我国思政教育的启示

美国作为世界上最发达的资本主义国家，其公民教育是成功的，美国公民教育的成功源于其方法的成功。探究美国公民教育方法，借鉴其宝贵经验，对建立一套符合我国实际的思想政治教育方法体系，促进我国思想政治教育的健康发展，具有重要的现实意义。     

再论文化工业

□主持人弁言:在几十年的历史演变过程中,法兰克福学派的批判理论经历了三期发展:第一期发展(20世纪30年代初到60年代末)以霍克海默、阿多尔诺、马尔库塞等人为代表,侧重于理论建构与工业文明的批判;第二期发展(20世纪60年代末到80年代中期)以前期哈贝马斯为代     

城市停车换乘系统泊位容量的确定方法研究

城市中心区域交通拥挤，车辆行驶速度低，空气污染严重是许多城市共同面临的问题，因此，在城市外围或城市中心区边缘地带设置停车换乘设施截留部分进入城市中心区域的车流已成为交通工作者解决城市中心区交通问题的一个重要手段之一。采用双层规划模型描述了确定城市外围停车换乘系统的停车泊位容量问题，同时设计了该模型的求解算法，并给出了一个简单算例，算例的结果证明了该模型的有效性。     

信息大于物质:信息文明的价值取向

信息文明带来了人类价值观的革命,"信息大于物质"就是新文明时代新的价值取向.这一新的价值视野使"信息"得到极大的看重和强调,使我们看到信息的"有用性"和强大功能全面体现在人类的经济、政治和文化活动中.这一新的价值取向与全面的社会转型相伴随,构成了由信息经济、信息政治和信息文化组成的信息社会,人的存在和发展方式也进入以"数字化生存"和"数字化发展"为主导的新时代.     

Assessment of study abroad outcomes in Chinese as a second language: gains in cross-cultural adaptability,language contact and proficiency

Participants were 109 American college students studying Chinese in a study-abroad programme in Beijing. Following Kelley and Meyer, intercultural competence was defined as cross-cultural adaptability involving four dimensions (emotional resilience, flexibility/openness, perceptual acuity and personal autonomy) and was measured with a survey. A language contact questionnaire was used to document the amount of time spent on social activities. Language proficiency was measured with a standardised Chinese test. Results revealed that intercultural competence and language contact combined explained 37.7% of the proficiency gains. Language contact had direct effects on proficiency, but intercultural competence had indirect effects, mediated by language contact.     

信息技术的哲学特征

信息技术区别于物质生产技术,这种区别并不在于它们的外在形态和直接产品上,而在于其功能意义的不同,前者服务于人的精神或信息需要,后者服务于人的物质生活需要;基于物质和信息的本体论关系,两种技术之间也存在着复杂丰富的关联性。以计算机和网络为代表的现代器具信息技术具有了与传统信息技术不同的新特征,并导致了不同信息技术之间乃至信息技术与物质生产技术之间的"会聚",导致我们关于技术的哲学观念正在发生新的变化。