Les migrations Est‐ouest dans le debat politique et scientifique en france et en allemagne

Les auteurs de ce texte comparent les discours dominants et la recherche menée en France et en Allemagne de 1990 à 1993 sur les migrations en provenance de l'Europe de l'Est. Ils montrent comment les recherches sont fortement influencées par le débat politique et constatent la divergence d'approche: en France, peu touchée par ces migrations, l'accent est sur l'élargissement du champ migratoire européen, alors qu'en Allemagne, la destination privilégiée de ces migrations, la recherche et le débat sont davantage centrés sur ce pays.     

Streaming Film: How to Serve Our Users

Streaming video is an integral part of the curriculum for many academic courses. While faculty may have used DVDs in the classroom, the increase in online course instruction and the expectations of students comfortable with using streaming video in their personal lives has led to instructors making more requests of librarians to supply films—both instructional and feature—through streaming. Staff at the University Libraries of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG) responded to this need as they worked across departments to create efficient workflows, worked with distributors and conducted a pilot project to learn more about the current streaming film environment, established policies, offered technical support, and shared information with faculty by a variety of means.     

The Effect of Forest Management Strategy on Carbon Storage and Revenue in Western Washington: A Probabilistic Simulation of Tradeoffs

The objectives of this study are to understand tradeoffs between forest carbon and timber values, and evaluate the impact of uncertainty in improved forest management (IFM) carbon offset projects to improve forest management decisions. The study uses probabilistic simulation of uncertainty in financial risk for three management scenarios (clearcutting in 45‐ and 65‐year rotations and no harvest) under three carbon price schemes (historic voluntary market prices, cap and trade, and carbon prices set to equal net present value (NPV) from timber‐oriented management). Uncertainty is modeled for value and amount of carbon credits and wood products, the accuracy of forest growth model forecasts, and four other variables relevant to American Carbon Registry methodology. Calculations use forest inventory data from a 1,740 ha forest in western Washington State, using the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) growth model. Sensitivity analysis shows that FVS model uncertainty contributes more than 70% to overall NPV variance, followed in importance by variability in inventory sample (3–14%), and short‐term prices for timber products (8%), while variability in carbon credit price has little influence (1.1%). At regional average land‐holding costs, a no‐harvest management scenario would become revenue‐positive at a carbon credit break‐point price of $14.17/Mg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e). IFM carbon projects are associated with a greater chance of both large payouts and large losses to landowners. These results inform policymakers and forest owners of the carbon credit price necessary for IFM approaches to equal or better the business‐as‐usual strategy, while highlighting the magnitude of financial risk and reward through probabilistic simulation.     

What Risks Are People Concerned About

An unusual questionnaire was used to explore what risks concern laypeople. It asked respondents to list, in their own words, as many risks of personal concern as they could. They then selected the five risks of greatest concern and answered a set of specific questions about each. A coding scheme was developed for categorizing these responses and was shown to have good reliability. The questionnaire was administered to a heterogeneous convenience sample of subjects. They reported a very broad range of risks of concern, which differed in plausible ways as a function of their gender and age. Females and student-age subjects were generally more concerned about the environment, whereas males and older subjects were more likely to mention health and safety risks. Both the extent of the risk-reduction actions that they reported and their expressed willingness to pay for future risk reductions were greater for risk that presented a direct personal threat (e.g., health risks) than for risks that posed a diffuse threat to the environment or to people in general (e.g., pollution). Respondents perceived themselves as bearing primary responsibility for managing threats to their own health, but generally saw government as bearing a heavier responsibility for managing environmental risks (especially for pollutants) and war. The questionnaire instrument and coding structure developed for this work are well-suited to a variety of future research applications. They provide a way to identify the risks that concern lay groups, as well as to track the evolution of those concerns over time.     

Nocturnal Omissions: Steps Toward a Sociology of Dreams

The examination of dreams should properly be a legitimate topic of sociological investigation. We argue that there are four basic principles of dream-life that suggest that dreams are external to the individual mind and are collective enterprises: 1) dreams are not willed by the individual self; 2) dreams reflect social reality; 3) dreams are public rhetoric; and 4) dreams are collectively interpretable. With the development of sociological approaches that examine topics previously defined as psychological, such as the sociology of emotion and cognition, the seemingly idiosyncratic components of these nocturnal productions should not exclude them from social analysis.