Bayesian group belief

If a group is modelled as a single Bayesian agent, what should its beliefs be? I propose an axiomatic model that connects group beliefs to beliefs of the group members. The group members may have different information, different prior beliefs and even different domains (algebras) within which they hold beliefs, accounting for differences in awareness and conceptualisation. As is shown, group beliefs can incorporate all information spread across individuals without individuals having to explicitly communicate their information (that may be too complex or personal to describe, or not describable in principle in the language). The group beliefs derived here take a simple multiplicative form if people’s information is independent (and a more complex form if information overlaps arbitrarily). This form contrasts with familiar linear or geometric opinion pooling and the (Pareto) requirement of respecting unanimous beliefs.     

Propositionwise judgment aggregation: the general case

In the theory of judgment aggregation, it is known for which agendas of propositions it is possible to aggregate individual judgments into collective ones in accordance with the Arrow-inspired requirements of universal domain, collective rationality, unanimity preservation, non-dictatorship and propositionwise independence. But it is only partially known (e.g., only in the monotonic case) for which agendas it is possible to respect additional requirements, notably non-oligarchy, anonymity, no individual veto power, or extended unanimity preservation. We fully characterize the agendas for which there are such possibilities, thereby answering the most salient open questions about propositionwise judgment aggregation. Our results build on earlier results by Nehring and Puppe (Strategy-proof social choice on single-peaked domains: possibility, impossibility and the space between, 2002), Nehring (Oligarchies in judgment aggregation: a characterization, 2006), Dietrich and List (Soc Choice Welf 29(1):19–33, 2007a) and Dokow and Holzman (J Econ Theory 145(2):495–511, 2010a).     

Business as unusual: Coaching in Echtzeit

Business as unusual: Coaching in real time Using the concrete example of a newly founded company, the authors demonstrate how executives and employees can keep themselves, their teams and organizational unity effective and capable of action in an increasingly dynamic, complex and changing world. These managers do not ?muddle through“, they seek functioning action-coalitions where they can act as individuals in interplay with others for the good of the commonly defined whole. Increasing the effectiveness of individual managers, their units and entire businesses, decisively depends on the promotion of trust co-operation, the development of common goals and reference frameworks, and potent jointly produced diagnoses. In successful cases this leads to coherence and sense emerging for individuals, their organizational units, overlapping working teams and, in the best case, for the whole business. The authors describe their supporting function in this process and call it real time-coaching.     

怀特海的循环学习理论及其对教育的启示

怀特海的循环学习理论认为,每一个循环学习周期都包含了三个阶段:浪漫阶段、精确阶段和综合运用阶段。这一理论得到了实证研究的确认,对学校教育具有积极的启示作用。     

Cumulants as iterated integrals

A formula expressing cumulants in terms of iterated integrals of the distribution function is derived. It generalizes results of Jones and Balakrishnan who computed expressions for cumulants up to order 4.