服务业高端化与增长效率模式重塑 ——兼论人力资本梯度升级与知识生产消费一体化过程

服务业主导经济增长是大规模工业化发展之后的必然,而高端服务业发展决定了结构服务化过程的效率改进能力.基于对样本国家及地区产业结构升级和高端服务业特征化事实的跨国比较,研究发现:(1)中国服务业总体结构大致相当于美国20世纪20年代中期、加拿大20世纪40年代初和日本20世纪60年代中期的水平,结构服务化还有待进一步提升;(2)全球成功实现增长跨越的经济体不仅表现出高端服务业占比的不断提升,同时还表现出高端服务业效率的追赶路径;(3)中国高端服务业占比和竞争力还有待加强,工业对经济的拉动作用仍然较为突出;并且,发达经济体应对结构性减速冲击形成的新型效率模式,普遍呈现出的"高服务业占比、高人力资本占比、高知识消费占比"的特征.提出了对结构服务化时期增长效率模式重塑的基本认识和政策建议,中国在服务业高端化过程中,一方面,应协同人力资本梯度升级和消费结构升级,推动知识生产消费一体化过程,从而能有效联结供给端和需求端,形成知识消费和人力资本的动态效率补偿;另一方面,应推动高端服务业与制造业深度融合,服务业行业分工细化的高端发展,突破人才培养的机制障碍,创新人才培养模式和汇聚人才的方式,同时,加快推进教育、文化、卫生等人力资本积累相关的高端服务行业改革,提高公共服务行业供给效率,扩大中等收入群体规模.     

Anti‐Poverty Family Policies in China: A Critical Evaluation

Despite its rapid economic growth, China remains a developing country facing serious challenges of poverty and inequality. This article examines the development and effectiveness of China's primary anti‐poverty family policy, the Minimum Living Standard Assurance (MLSA, or Dibao). Using rich administrative data and building on the existing literature, this article provides a critical evaluation of MLSA's benefit generosity, coverage, targeting, and anti‐poverty effectiveness. To help reinforce MLSA's anti‐poverty impacts, local governments in recent years have implemented a series of supplementary policies and programs, including health, education, housing, and work support programs. This article also provides an assessment of these supplementary policies and programs and draws policy implications for the ongoing expansion of the Chinese government's anti‐poverty efforts.     

水电工程移民相对贫困特征与致贫因素识别

基于2014—2018年金沙江流域水电工程移民的追踪调研数据,采用多维贫困测度方法与空间断点回归的设计思路对水电移民相对贫困特征及致贫因素进行实证分析。研究发现,移民群体相对贫困特征主要表现为发展性贫困与消费型贫困。受水库建设影响,大部分移民家庭生产维度受严重剥夺,自然条件与人力资本方面的制约使移民家庭不仅难以维持原有生计,而且在生计转型过程中受阻,造成移民后家庭生计构建困难,生产恢复缓慢,陷入发展性贫困;水电修建使移民家庭市场参与程度被迫提高,人均生活成本增加超过2000元对家庭资本积累十分不利,在加剧了移民群体发展性贫困状况同时增加了日后返贫的可能;最后,这些贫困特征在兼业生产家庭与中低收入水平家庭中体现更加明显。政策完善应致力于发展性贫困和消费型贫困的识别与治理,有效缓解群体间与群体内部发展差距扩大状况,避免政策失灵带来新的风险。     

碳纤维增强塑料应用中存在的问题与对策

介绍了碳纤维增强塑料的基本特点及其在工程应用中存在的问题，针对这些问题进行了思考并提出了一些对策，同时对碳纤维增强塑料的应用前景作了展望．     

碳排放监管中政府与企业演化博弈及策略研究:基于第三方监督视角

加强碳排放监管是实现政府"建立健全绿色低碳循环发展的经济体系"战略方针的重要保障。企业作为环境的主要破坏者承担着碳减排的重任并接受社会监督。在政府管制下，企业被动参与碳减排，但偷排、超排现象时有发生。文章针对政府碳排放监管问题，分析了影响企业碳排放的相关因素。从第三方监督视角出发，在考虑政府、企业、第三方监督主体均为有限理性条件下，建立了政府与企业在碳排放监管中的演化博弈模型。研究了在第三方监督主体参与下，政府和企业之间的有限动态策略选择和不同参数变化下双方的策略选择演化趋势，并运用Matlab软件对结果进行仿真。结果表明第三方监督在政府与企业碳排放过程中具有显著作用，可以直接影响政府与企业的决策选择。因此，加强第三方监督力度可以提高政府监管效率，缓解政府监管压力，降低政府监管成本，督促企业合规排放二氧化碳。但第三方监督力量过大会弱化政府监管效力。最后，为政府更有效地引入第三方监督主体提出对策与建议。     

Public Assistance,Economic Prospect,and Happiness in Urban China

Social Indicators Research - This article investigates the association between urban China’s primary public assistance program—the Minimum Livelihood Guarantee (MLG, or Dibao)—and...     

新建学院师资队伍跨越式发展的理性思考

教师是高等学校的主体,师资队伍是衡量一所大学办学水平的重要指标.尤其是近几年为适应社会经济发展需要而新成立的学院,如何在师资队伍建设上实现跨越式发展,成为学院能否发挥后发优势、实现跨越式发展的关键.本文通过对新建学院师资队伍存在问题的分析,提出师资队伍跨越式发展的基本思路.     

翻译的诗学批评

自亚里斯多德的《诗学》问世以来,中西文艺界乃至思想界对于诗学的探索绵恒久远。然而诗学的现代趣旨不是看诗歌如何表现美,更是看诗歌语言何以成为关。雅克布逊以降的形式主义诗学继承发展了亚里斯多德的诗学遗产,区分了日常语言与诗歌语言,还原了语言诗学功能,指出使得日常语言成为诗的是语言的陌生化表达方式,在很多场合下恰好是翻译实现了这一目标。翻译诗学同样关注语言的美学问题,形式主义诗学则为其重要理论来源。     

Social Support and Parental Nurturance among Asian Indian Families in the US: Mediating Role of Parenting Self-Efficacy

Asian Indians in the United States are one of the fastest growing ethnic groups, yet empirical research on this population remains extremely scarce. This might be partly due to the “model minority” assumption that implies research on this population is not needed. This study is one of the first studies to examine the effects of social support on parental nurturance of children in a sample of Asian Indian parents and investigate the mediating role of parenting self-efficacy in this relationship pathway. We used newly available data from the Survey of Asian American Families and conducted analyses in the Asian Indian sub-sample (N?=?211). The regression models controlled for a rich array of parent and child characteristics and family socioeconomic status. We found that parental nurturance was positively associated with family support but not with support from partner or friends. Parenting self-efficacy played a significant mediating role in the relationship between family support and parental nurturance. These findings have important implications for social work practice and policy interventions that address the needs of the growing ethnic minority population of Asian Indians in the US.     

Parental acculturation and parenting in Chinese immigrant families: the mediating role of social support

This study provided updated evidence on how parental acculturation and social support were associated with parenting in a sample of Chinese immigrant families (n = 255). The results from multivariate regressions with a rich array of control variables showed that parents’ cultural preferences for friends, food and TV programmes of other cultures were significantly associated with more parental nurturance and less intergenerational conflict, but had no significant associations with the use of harsh discipline. Neither the length of parents’ residence in the U.S. nor their English proficiency was significantly associated with their parenting behaviours. Perceived social support played a significant mediating role in the relationships between parental acculturation and nurturance, but not in the relationships of parental acculturation with intergenerational conflict. The findings can help social service professionals to have a better understanding of the needs in supporting positive parenting behaviours and promoting intergenerational relationships in Chinese immigrant families.