Science resource inequalities viewed as less wrong when girls are disadvantaged

In response to some resource inequalities, children give priority to moral concerns. Yet, in others, children show ingroup preferences in their evaluations and resource allocations. The present study built upon this knowledge by investigating children's and young adults’ (N = 144; 5–6-year-olds, M_age = 5.83, SD_age = .97; 9–11-year-olds, M_age = 10.74, SD_age = .68; and young adults, M_age = 19.92, SD_age = 1.10) evaluations and allocation decisions in a science inequality context. Participants viewed vignettes in which male and female groups received unequal amounts of science supplies, then evaluated the acceptability of the resource inequalities, allocated new boxes of science supplies between the groups, and provided justifications for their choices. Results revealed both children and young adults evaluated inequalities of science resources less negatively when girls were disadvantaged than when boys were disadvantaged. Further, 5- to 6-year-old participants and male participants rectified science resource inequalities to a greater extent when the inequality disadvantaged boys compared to when it disadvantaged girls. Generally, participants who used moral reasoning to justify their responses negatively evaluated and rectified the resource inequalities, whereas participants who used group-focused reasoning positively evaluated and perpetuated the inequalities, though some age and participant gender findings emerged. Together, these findings reveal subtle gender biases that may contribute to perpetuating gender-based science inequalities both in childhood and adulthood.     

The Productive Aging Concept and Social Work Students’ Perceptions Toward an Older Population

Social work curriculum that offers an optimistic perspective on aging has the potential to help social work students go on to practice in a nondiscriminatory way with older adults. This study introduces social work students to the productive aging concept, an optimistic view to social potential in later life, in lecture format and assesses postlecture changes in their perceptions of older adults. Seventy-two students (16 BSW; 56 MSW) were recruited from a large university in the southeast United States to participate in a lecture on productive aging. A one-group pretest–posttest design was used, and a paired samples t test (n = 72) was used to analyze changes in social work students’ perceptions toward older adults. Negative attitudes toward older adults decreased and positive attitudes toward older adults increased among students following their participation in the lecture on productive aging. This finding suggests the productive aging concept may favorably influence student perceptions of older adults. Future research should aim to investigate ways in which these changes in perception at the college level can translate and self-sustain in social work practice for social work students postgraduation.     

Family Psychoeducation for Hepatitis C Patients and Their Families: Recommendation for Clinicians

PsychoEducation Responsive to Families for Persons coping with Hepatitis C (HCV-PERF) is a multifamily psychoeducation group model designed to help patients with hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) and their families navigate the illness and improve their readiness for treatment. The purpose of this article is to provide information and recommendations for clinicians interested in using the HCV-PERF model. The article provides details of the intervention model and presents thematic categories that evolved from analysis of interviews with clinicians with experience conducting and facilitating HCV-PERF groups. Based on these findings, recommendations were developed to inform and guide the use of HCV-PERF.     

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Managers' Whistleblowing Tendencies*

In a global marketplace, managers often face major difficulties when it comes to handling ethical problems within a different cultural context. Whistleblowing is one possible response to ethical problems. This study considers the differences in culture between a United States sample of managers and a Jamaica, West Indies sample of managers using Hofstede's (1991) theory of International Cultures. The study explores how those cultural differences may help in our understanding of the differences in reported whistleblowing tendencies. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Local rural product as a ‘relic’ spatial strategy in globalised rural spaces: Evidence from County Clare (Ireland)

Using a case study from County Clare (Ireland), this study critically analyses notions of ‘local’ rural production. It investigates where rural businesses source the different components of their products and how these interrelate with the locality, how local businesses use the notion of ‘local’ in their product branding, and what the socio-economic and political constraints and opportunities are for businesses seeking to foreground the ‘local’ in their business marketing. Echoing critical studies on the notion and use of ‘local’ in rural product branding (e.g. Burnett and Danson, 2004; Ilbery and Maye's; Feagan, 2007; Darby et al., 2008; Giovannucci et al., 2010), we argue that even remote rural areas such as County Clare in western Ireland have become so embedded in globalised economic and decision-making pathways that the ‘local’ in rural product branding only remains ‘local’ as a relic process associated with past localized rural production activities.     

TIME-LAGS IN CROSS-LAG CORRELATION STUDIES: A COMPUTER SIMULATION

The cross-lag correlation method has gained increased use in recent years as a technique which can be used to evaluate causality in longitudinal behavioral research. However, the effect of selecting an incorrect time-lag has remained largely unexplored. This research reports the results of a computer simulation designed to evaluate what happens to the cross-lag correlation under different time-lags. The results of the simulation indicate that the cross-lag method is relatively insensitive to errors in the selection of the time-lag. Nevertheless, it is better to err on the “early” side than on the “late” side. A research design is suggested for further empirical investigation of the effect of the choice of time-lags.     

Creating the One-Shot Library Workshop: A Step-by-Step Guide

Abstract

Marguerite E. Horn reviews What They Don't Teach You in Library School, Betty Landesman reviews Introducing RDA, and Sarah D. Tusa reviews Coaching in the Library.     

Sex Differences in Biomechanics Associated with Knee Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis of the knee is seen more frequently in females than males. However, few studies have examined the interplay of gender, gait mechanics, pain, and disability in persons with osteoarthritis. This study examines the influence of anthropometrics, radiographic disease severity, pain, and disability on gender differences in gait mechanics in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Gait mechanics for 26 men and 30 women were collected using 3-D kinematics and kinetics. Women had a significantly lower knee adduction moment than men and a significantly higher stride frequency. Within female subjects, variations in gait mechanics were primarily explained by weight, BMI, pain, and disability. In males, variations in gait mechanics were primarily explained by age and disability.