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81.
von Schnurbein Georg Rey-Garcia Marta Neumayr Michaela 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2021,32(2):185-193
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - This article is intended as the leading article in a special issue devoted to the achievements, limitations, opportunities... 相似文献
82.
Social Indicators Research - The negative linkage between income inequality and social trust is widely acknowledged. Despite this consensus, it remains unclear at what level of aggregation income... 相似文献
83.
Georg Neuhaus 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(6):2037-2058
Using the methods of asymptotic decision theory asymptotically optimal rank tests are constructed in the two-sample testing problem for translation families and positive scale families under the assumption of equal censoring in both samples. The resulting tests have a simple form extending the known tests for un-censored data in a natural way. Relations to a recent proposal by Albers and Akritas are discussed. 相似文献
84.
Layoffs may be a firm’s way of optimally responding to demand shifts, to changes in its industry position, or to unwelcome financial stress. But, within the current economic environment, and along with individuals’ changing attitudes, the notion of layoffs has taken on a new dimension, which deserves renewed attention and perspective. With knowledge now being considered a firm’s source of competitive advantage, organizations need to look within themselves to see if both they and their employees, the holders of such knowledge, are in a position to embrace a new dynamic of layoff alternatives. 相似文献
85.
The theory on real options has extended the traditional net present value rule in order to capture the value of flexibility
in investment decisions. Typically, the theory of real options does not take into account agency conflicts (between central
and divisional management). In this paper, we investigate the influence of agency conflicts on real options within a LEN-type
model. We extend a standard LEN model with investment activities by explicitly considering the possibility to abandon an investment
project after all parties involved have received further information about the project’s development. Especially, we analyze
how the option’s flexibility value is influenced by the agency conflict. Our analysis shows that the real option alters the
trade-off between risk sharing and incentives that underlies the agency conflict. Thereby, situations can occur in which central
(and divisional) management evaluates the abandonment option ex ante differently than ex post. Using this framework, we discuss
the role of commitment and the advantages of centralization and delegation of the abandonment decision.
相似文献
Georg SchneiderEmail: |
86.
Dependency of Crop Production between Global Breadbaskets: A Copula Approach for the Assessment of Global and Regional Risk Pools 下载免费PDF全文
Franziska Gaupp Georg Pflug Stefan Hochrainer‐Stigler Jim Hall Simon Dadson 《Risk analysis》2017,37(11):2212-2228
As recent events have shown, simultaneous crop losses in different parts of the world can cause serious risks to global food security. However, to date, little is known about the spatial dependency of lower than expected crop yields from global breadbaskets. This especially applies in the case of extreme events, i.e., where one or more breadbaskets are experiencing far below average yields. Without such information, risk management approaches cannot be applied and vulnerability to extremes may remain high or even increase in the future around the world. We tackle both issues from an empirical perspective focusing on wheat yield. Interdependencies between historically observed wheat yield deviations in five breadbaskets (United States, Argentina, India, China, and Australia) are estimated via copula approaches that can incorporate increasing tail dependencies. In doing so, we are able to attach probabilities to interregional as well as global yield losses. To address the robustness of our results, we apply three different methods for constructing multivariate copulas: vine copulas, ordered coupling using a minimax approach, and hierarchical structuring. We found interdependencies between states within breadbaskets that led us to the conclusion that risk pooling for extremes is less favorable on the regional level. However, notwithstanding evidence of global climatic teleconnections that may influence crop production, we also demonstrate empirically that wheat production losses are independent between global breadbaskets, which strengthens the case for interregional risk pooling strategies. We argue that through interregional risk pooling, postdisaster liabilities of governments and international donors could be decreased. 相似文献
87.
Georg Gebhardt 《Journal of the European Economic Association》2013,11(1):201-227
In this paper, I test the most basic prediction of Grossman and Hart (1986, The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration. Journal of Political Economy, 691–719): allocations of asset ownership that expose a party to ex‐post expropriation reduce this party’s ex‐ante relationship‐specific investments. In the empirical context of the German housing market, I find that relationship‐specific investments, such as bathroom renovations, are more frequent if the occupant is protected against expropriation because he owns his home. To avoid the endogeneity of the homeownership allocation, I rely on the natural experiment of the German reunification: under the communist regime, ownership existed but was economically meaningless; yet after reunification, ownership unexpectedly reacquired legal force. 相似文献
88.
This paper studies the influence of agency conflicts on the irreversibility effect. Using a dynamic variant of the static Baron and Myerson (Econometrica 50(4):911–930, 1982) adverse selection model, we characterize under which circumstances the irreversibility effect arises in the presence and absence of an agency conflict. In particular, we find that in the presence of an agency conflict the irreversibility effect arises in more circumstances than in the standard first-best analysis that abstracts from agency problems. 相似文献
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