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101.
We compared use of Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) and therapies, Allied Health interventions (AH), and Manual Therapies (MT) in middle-aged and older Australian women. Cross-sectional data from the 2007 phase of the Longitudinal study of Aging in Women (LAW study) was analyzed. Self-reported 12-month usage patterns of CAM, AH, and MT were determined by mailed questionnaire. Results revealed that 56.2% of the middle-aged group, and 55.0% of the older group used CAM, AH, and MT services in the previous 12 months (a nonsignificant difference). In contrast, there was a highly significant difference between the overall use of CAM products by middle-aged women (88.2%) and older women (67.7%: p = .002). 相似文献
102.
Ton van der Pennen Gerard van Bortel 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2016,27(3):1323-1342
Often institutional solutions such as structures and organisations are seen as best practices in neighbourhood renewal. Using empirical case study data from the Netherlands and the UK, this paper demonstrates that there should be more attention for the role of individual urban practitioners. The relevance of this conclusion goes beyond the domain of neighbourhood regeneration alone. Due to the new government policy paradigms (e.g. Big Society/Participation Society), welfare reforms are introduced that combine severe austerity measures with more responsibilities for individual citizens and cross-sectorial partnerships between institutions. This post-crisis participation society calls for individuals that are able to ‘make a difference’ by bridging the gap between the systems of government agencies and other institutions, and the lifeworld of residents. But what are the characteristics and working methods of highly effective ‘exemplary urban practitioners’? This paper explores the characteristics of these practitioners by analysing empirical data from neighbourhood renewal case studies using Habermas system/lifeworld concept. 相似文献
103.
C.?W.?SchnohrEmail author S.?Kreiner E.?P.?Due C.?Currie W.?Boyce F.?Diderichsen 《Social indicators research》2008,89(1):79-95
Methodology for making cross-national comparisons is an area of increasing interest in social and public health related research.
When studying socio-economic differences in health outcomes cross-nationally, there are several methodological issues of concern,
especially when data is derived from self-reported questionnaires. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (Currie et al.
1998) is a WHO cross-national study using school samples. HBSC provides comparable data, and thereby a unique opportunity to study
associations between social indicators and health outcomes within an international perspective. In 2001/02 data was collected
from a total of 162,323 children in 32 countries (Austria, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA.). Studies of social inequalities
requires that a comparable measure of socio-economic position (SEP) is in use. HBSC has developed a proxy for social position
measuring material wealth, the Family Affluence Scale (FAS). This paper studies FAS and whether it is comparable across population
subgroups defined by country, age and gender. Initial analysis revealed that an item measuring perceived family wealth was
a valid FAS item. Including this item in the FAS score will improve the reliability of FAS. Graphical log-linear Rasch models
(GLLRM) showed that FAS contain differential item functioning (DIF) with respect to country, age, and gender as well as local
dependency (LD) between items. During the analysis, test equating techniques where used to adjust for the test bias generated
by DIF. We recommend that the equated scores are used whenever FAS is included as a variable. This study suggests that HBSC-FAS
should contain five items (additional item: perceived family wealth) when analysing data from HBSC 2001/02, and furthermore
that each country should adjust for the DIF or make use of the converted FAS scores provided. If using FAS as a proxy for
social position at an international level, it is not advised to compare the absolute levels of FAS, but weigh the scale by
ridit transformation.
相似文献
C. W. SchnohrEmail: |
104.
Making use of three data sets of Newfoundland English, this paper uncovers the linguistic and social motivations and strategies used by young speakers to reclaim and re‐shape a traditional, local, relic language feature (verbal –s attachment, as in I goes). While each group that we discuss (young females, drag queens, and a sample of the Newfoundland population) is differently situated with respect to the broader local culture (i.e. they each have their own social identities), similarities and parallels in the reclamation and use of verbal –s indicate important processes that occur in the enregisterment and reappropriation of a salient, traditional linguistic form. Results indicate that the local social and linguistic reconstruction of a speech feature can change a path of decline and prove fertile ground for creating a unique identity that moves toward the global while still motioning to the past of a community. 相似文献
105.
106.
Currently, a binary alarm system is used in the United States to issue deterministic warning polygons in case of tornado events. To enhance the effectiveness of the weather information, a likelihood alarm system, which uses a tool called probabilistic hazard information (PHI), is being developed at National Severe Storms Laboratory to issue probabilistic information about the threat. This study aims to investigate the effects of providing the uncertainty information about a tornado occurrence through the PHI's graphical swath on laypeople's concern, fear, and protective action, as compared with providing the warning information with the deterministic polygon. The displays of color‐coded swaths and deterministic polygons were shown to subjects. Some displays had a blue background denoting the probability of any tornado formation in the general area. Participants were asked to report their levels of concern, fear, and protective action at randomly chosen locations within each of seven designated levels on each display. Analysis of a three‐stage nested design showed that providing the uncertainty information via the PHI would appropriately increase recipients’ levels of concern, fear, and protective action in highly dangerous scenarios, with a more than 60% chance of being affected by the threat, as compared with deterministic polygons. The blue background and the color‐coding type did not have a significant effect on the people's cognition of the threat and reaction to it. This study shows that using a likelihood alarm system leads to more conscious decision making by the weather information recipients and enhances the system safety. 相似文献
107.
Public Organization Review - An online experimental survey was conducted to examine the impact of bureaucracy framing on respondents’ views regarding the performance of a local government... 相似文献
108.
John William Hatfield Gerard Padr i Miquel 《Journal of the European Economic Association》2012,10(3):605-633
We revisit the classic problem of tax competition in the context of federal nations, and derive a positive theory of partial decentralization. A capital poor median voter chooses to use redistributive capital taxes to provide public goods. The expectation of high capital taxes, however, results in a small capital stock which lowers returns to redistribution. The median voter therefore wants to commit to a lower level of capital taxes. She does so by setting a partial degree of decentralization in the Constitution. The equilibrium degree of decentralization balances the positive effect of tax competition on capital taxes with the loss in redistribution that results. We show that the degree of decentralization is nonmonotonic in inequality, increasing in the redistributive efficiency of public good provision, and decreasing in capital productivity. When public goods are heterogeneous in their capacity to transfer funds, all voters agree that goods with high redistributive capacity should be decentralized. 相似文献
109.
A parity walk in an edge-coloring of a graph is a walk along which each color is used an even number of times. A parity edge-coloring (respectively, strong parity edge-coloring) is an edge-coloring in which there is no nontrivial parity path (respectively, open parity walk). The parity edge-chromatic number p(G) (respectively, strong parity edge-chromatic number $\widehat{p}(G)$ ) is the least number of colors in a parity edge-coloring (respectively, strong parity edge-coloring) of G. Notice that $\widehat{p}(G) \ge p(G) \ge \chi'(G) \ge \Delta(G)$ for any graph G. In this paper, we determine $\widehat{p}(G)$ and p(G) for some complete bipartite graphs and some products of graphs. For instance, we determine $\widehat{p}(K_{m,n})$ and p(K m,n ) for m≤n with n≡0,?1,?2 (mod 2?lg?m?). 相似文献
110.
Math J. J. M. Candel Gerard J. P. Van Breukelen Larissa Kotova Martijn P. F. Berger 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2013,42(1):222-239
Optimality of equal versus unequal cluster sizes in the context of multilevel intervention studies is examined. A Monte Carlo study is done to examine to what degree asymptotic results on the optimality hold for realistic sample sizes and for different estimation methods. The relative D-criterion, comparing equal versus unequal cluster sizes, almost always exceeded 85%, implying that loss of information due to unequal cluster sizes can be compensated for by increasing the number of clusters by 18%. The simulation results are in line with asymptotic results, showing that, for realistic sample sizes and various estimation methods, the asymptotic results can be used in planning multilevel intervention studies. 相似文献