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141.
Gordon Brett Daniel Silver Kaspar Beelen 《Journal for the theory of social behaviour》2020,50(2):223-248
The visualization of social theory is an important part of the development and communication of our theoretical ideas. While most theorists use figures of some kind, few if any have formal training, or guiding rules or principles for the representation of theory. This has often led to poor visualization efforts, and the visual culture of sociology continues to lag behind the natural sciences. The intent of this paper is to serve as a practical and empirically aided guide for social theorists, by providing insights surrounding the cognitive and perceptual properties of certain elements and figures. Through these properties we identify four major problems in theory visualization: vagueness, reduction, unwanted spatial inferences and unwanted metaphorical inferences. We offer solutions to these problems, and to improving theory visualization more generally. Our hope is that this paper will serve as a resource for more thoughtful and informed visualization for practicing social theorists. 相似文献
142.
Gordon K. Smyth Arūnas P. Verbyla 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2009,51(4):433-448
For normal linear models, it is generally accepted that residual maximum likelihood estimation is appropriate when covariance components require estimation. This paper considers generalized linear models in which both the mean and the dispersion are allowed to depend on unknown parameters and on covariates. For these models there is no closed form equivalent to residual maximum likelihood except in very special cases. Using a modified profile likelihood for the dispersion parameters, an adjusted score vector and adjusted information matrix are found under an asymptotic development that holds as the leverages in the mean model become small. Subsequently, the expectation of the fitted deviances is obtained directly to show that the adjusted score vector is unbiased at least to O(1/n) . Exact results are obtained in the single‐sample case. The results reduce to residual maximum likelihood estimation in the normal linear case. 相似文献
143.
144.
We approach the social choice problem as one of optimal statistical inference. If individual voters or judges observe the
true order on a set of alternatives with error, then it is possible to use the set of individual rankings to make probability
statements about the correct social order. Given the posterior distribution for orders and a suitably chosen loss function,
an optimal order is one that minimises expected posterior loss. The paper develops a statistical model describing the behaviour
of judges, and discusses Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation. We also discuss criteria for choosing the appropriate loss functions.
We apply our methods to a well-known problem: determining the correct ranking for figure skaters competing at the Olympic
Games. 相似文献
145.
Michelle Haring Paul L. Hewitt Gordon L. Flett 《Journal of marriage and the family》2003,65(1):143-158
The present study examined the associations among perfectionism, marital coping, and marital functioning in a community sample of 76 couples. A theoretical model was tested in which maladaptive coping mediates the relationship between trait perfectionism and poorer marital functioning. As predicted, one of the interpersonal dimensions of perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, was associated with maladaptive marital coping and poorer marital adjustment for both the self and the partner, even after controlling for depression and neuroticism. Finally, the use of negative coping strategies mediated the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and poorer marital functioning for both the self and the partner. Overall, this study highlights the importance of spouse‐specific forms of perfectionism in marital adjustment. 相似文献
146.
Ronald L. Simons Kuei‐Hsiu Lin Leslie C. Gordon Gene H. Brody Velma Murry Rand D. Conger 《Journal of marriage and the family》2002,64(2):331-345
Various hypotheses were identified regarding the manner in which community context might influence the association between two dimensions of parenting—control and corporal punishment—on child conduct problems. The authors used hierarchical linear modeling with a sample of 841 African American families to test these hypotheses. Consistent with the evaporation hypothesis, the results indicated that the deterrent effect of caretaker control on conduct problems becomes smaller as deviant behavior becomes more widespread within a community. The findings for corporal punishment supported the normative parenting argument. Although there was a positive relationship between caretaker corporal punishment and child conduct problems in communities where physical discipline was rare, there was no association between the two variables in communities where physical discipline was widely prevalent. These results suggest that a particular parenting strategy may be more effective in some neighborhood environments than others. The theoretical implications of this view are discussed. 相似文献
147.
Drinkaus P Sesek R Bloswick D Bernard T Walton B Joseph B Reeve G Counts JH 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2003,21(2):165-172
This paper compares the ergonomic risk assessment of a task for the upper extremities as determined by Rapid Upper Extremity Assessment (RULA) and the Strain Index (SI). The ergonomic risk to the upper extremities of 244 automotive assembly plant tasks were evaluated using RULA and SI. The outcomes of each tool were compared for each task. Results from this study provide practical insight into the methods used in each tool. This study compared only the ergonomic risk outputs from each tool; it does not pursue the question of which tool best predicts injury. The kappa score was 0.11, indicating little agreement between the outputs of the two tools. This is supported by the lack of monotonicity with a gamma score of 0.1. These results indicate that the risk assessment outcome of these two ergonomic assessment tools for the upper extremities do not agree. 相似文献
148.
Barbara A. Roche Janet Moore Donald A. Gordon 《Journal of marital and family therapy》1987,13(4):365-373
One of the cornerstones of the functional family therapy model proposed by Alexander and Parsons (1982) is the assessment of interpersonal functions, which has traditionally been accomplished through intuition and clinical judgment. In this study, 109 college freshmen were recruited to evaluate the test-retest reliability of a videotaped scenario measure and a questionnaire designed to assess interpersonal functions. Subjects responded to both measures during an initial assessment phase and then again, during a second assessment phase, 2 weeks later. Pearson product-moment correlations and average agreement percentages indicate that both measures have adequate reliability. There were no sex differences, nor were subjects' responses related to a measure of social desirability. 相似文献
149.
A discussion of ancillarity in multinomial distributions provides the context for an example which queries the priority of the Sufficiency Principle. 相似文献
150.
Gordon Simons 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》1980,4(1):67-74
While all nonsequential unbiased estimators of the normal mean have variances which must obey the Cramér-Rao inequality, it is shown that some sequential unbiased estimators do not. 相似文献