全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11708篇 |
免费 | 47篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 1668篇 |
民族学 | 114篇 |
人口学 | 2500篇 |
丛书文集 | 35篇 |
理论方法论 | 574篇 |
综合类 | 701篇 |
社会学 | 4765篇 |
统计学 | 1400篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 17篇 |
2020年 | 24篇 |
2019年 | 31篇 |
2018年 | 1680篇 |
2017年 | 1685篇 |
2016年 | 1108篇 |
2015年 | 63篇 |
2014年 | 69篇 |
2013年 | 201篇 |
2012年 | 379篇 |
2011年 | 1179篇 |
2010年 | 1089篇 |
2009年 | 822篇 |
2008年 | 855篇 |
2007年 | 1033篇 |
2006年 | 49篇 |
2005年 | 263篇 |
2004年 | 293篇 |
2003年 | 274篇 |
2002年 | 214篇 |
2001年 | 108篇 |
2000年 | 78篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 42篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Economic theory establishes that pension privatization weakens the link between old and young and so reduces the incentive to invest in public education in an economy with lower return rate of capital than growth rate of wage. However, empirical studies of the link change are few. In this paper, we investigate the effects of pension privatization and the central government’s subsidy to individual accounts on public education spending in a three-period overlapping generation model. And then, we take contemporary pension reforms in a number of Chinese provinces as offering natural experiment conditions. Using a difference-in-difference framework and 282 municipal districts panel data over years 1998–2009, we test the pension-education theoretical link change. Both our theoretical and empirical results confirm that pension privatization is adversely associated with local public spending on education in China. Private pension subsidies, moreover, magnify this effect. Our study supports the theoretical assertion and selective empirical findings of a negative intergenerational effect of pension privatization. 相似文献
12.
From the inception of the proportional representation movement it has been an issue whether larger parties are favored at
the expense of smaller parties in one apportionment of seats as compared to another apportionment. A number of methods have
been proposed and are used in countries with a proportional representation system. These apportionment methods exhibit a regularity
of order, as discussed in the present paper, that captures the preferential treatment of larger versus smaller parties. This
order, namely majorization, permits the comparison of seat allocations in two apportionments. For divisor methods, we show
that one method is majorized by another method if and only if their signpost ratios are increasing. This criterion is satisfied
for the divisor methods with power-mean rounding, and for the divisor methods with stationary rounding. Majorization places
the five traditional apportionment methods in the order as they are known to favor larger parties over smaller parties: Adams,
Dean, Hill, Webster, and Jefferson.
Received: 5 August 2000/Accepted: 24 October 2001 相似文献
13.
Uta Gerhardt 《The American Sociologist》2002,33(2):5-39
This article places an episode in the history of sociological theory into intellectual history in the twentieth century. The
perspective is chronological as well as contextual. The themes are two theoretical approaches, both embedded in both American
and German history, Parsonian Systems Theory and “Frankfurt School” Critical Theory. The chronology shown spanned mainly from
the 1940s to the 1960s. The context of the two theories is a period that is crucial in twentieth century history. The protagonists
of the two approaches were, in the 1940s, Americans and Germans exiled in the United States. In the 1950s, both approaches
were affected by McCarthyism in different ways. The 1960s, however, were the culmination. The dynamics of the two approaches
led into a schism which came into the open on the occasion of the 1964 German Sociology Conference in Heidelberg celebrating
Max Weber. The article shows the stages in the evolution of the schism, emulating three acts in a drama. The final split was
over whether Weber or Marx should be the classic whose oeuvre was to influence sociological thinking today. My aim is to exemplify
how these two authoritative approaches in sociological theory, far from escaping the vagaries and vicissitudes of their times,
were embedded in twentieth-century history. 相似文献
14.
In light of use by airline unions of partial-strike tactics, such as concerted refusals to bid for overtime work and so-called
” CHAOS” tactics involving unannounced refusals to fly after passengers have been ticketed and are ready to board, the authors
examine whether the Railway Labor Act (RLA) should be interpreted to permit employers to discipline employees for engaging
in such tactics, or whether these are a protected form of economic pressure. Although in many respects bargaining duties and
economic weapons under the RLA are read consonant with precedents under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) (which governs
all industries other than rail and air transport), there are a few decisions suggesting that during the period when self-help
may be resorted to, employees can engage in partial strike activities as long as they violate no court order but are subject
to permanent replacement in limited circumstances. These decisions, the authors submit, fail to take account of Supreme Court
decsions since the 1930s that some economic pressures by unions, such as slowdowns and sitins, may not violate the labor laws
but nor are they protected by those laws so as to immunize partial strikers from employer discipline. These decisions are
not based on unique features of the NLRA. Rather, they give recognition to the background assumptions of Congress that employers
may act to protect their property interests as long as they do not run afoul of NLRA or RLA protections and that employees
who engage in partial-strike activities are subject to employer discipline even where not strictly necessary to maintain operations.
Moreover, these tactics skew the bargaining process by giving employees an essentially risk-free gambit to pressure their
economic position through planned disruption of carrier operations.
Professor Estreicher is also labor and employment counsel to O’Melveny & Myers, LLP. The views expressed herein are the authors’
and should not be attributed to any organization. Hannah Breshin and Tom Jerman of O’Melveny & Myers, assisted the authors
with this article. We also thank Professor Herbert Northrup for his helpful comments. 相似文献
15.
Astrid Orthey 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2005,36(1):23-32
How are social networks organized and how much structure and openess do they have? The ambiguity of networking and the grade of organization are discussed and described theoretically and with an authentic example. 相似文献
16.
对联是中华民族独有的文化瑰宝,但人们一直以为原对句不能译作外语对偶句,以致不懂汉语的人至今不能欣赏。通过对望城黑麋峰长联的英译探索证明,只要原对句语法结构相同,翻译成对偶句是完全可能的。对联能英译成对偶句,译成其他语言的对偶句也应当可能。对联这个问题可以解决,诗词曲的对仗句也应当可以解决。通过将望城黑麋峰长联英译成对偶句的三个步骤,以及在英译过程中得到的九个方面的认识作了初步的总结,希望有更多的人参与进来,共同努力,把我国的对联乃至诗词曲逐步介绍给其他民族的读者。 相似文献
17.
高新技术园区社会创新环境的系统整合 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
纪德尚 《郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2002,35(2):73-76
今天的高新技术园区在发展的意义上 ,已经成为现实的社会实体。从这一理念出发 ,思考园区的建设和发展 ,其创新环境是个非常重要的问题 ,也可以说它是各类高新技术园区得以发展的基本条件。创新环境状况的好坏直接关系到园区内高新技术产业的发展。从严格意义上讲 ,缺少这个基本条件 ,高新技术园区难以形成 ,创新环境不完善 ,即便是已经建立起来的园区 ,也难以得到真正的发展。由此决定了建设高新技术园区必须重视对园区社会创新环境的研究 ,通过精心培育创新环境 ,推动我国高新技术园区在 2 1世纪得到健康、持续的发展。 相似文献
18.
Günter F. Müller 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2005,36(3):325-334
This paper outlines the conceptual bases, strategies, and psychological attributes of leadership by self-leadership. In addition, relations to other theories of leadership are drawn. Dimensions and correlates of self-leadership competence are described and discussed. Various approaches for developing self-leadership competence are discussed as well. 相似文献
19.
Computing maximum likelihood estimates from type II doubly censored exponential data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Arturo J. fernández José I. Bravo Íñigo De Fuentes 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2002,11(2):187-200
It is well-known that, under Type II double censoring, the maximum likelihood (ML) estimators of the location and scale parameters, θ and δ, of a twoparameter exponential distribution are linear functions
of the order statistics. In contrast, when θ is known, theML estimator of δ does not admit a closed form expression. It is shown, however, that theML estimator of the scale parameter exists and is unique. Moreover, it has good large-sample properties. In addition, sharp
lower and upper bounds for this estimator are provided, which can serve as starting points for iterative interpolation methods
such as regula falsi. Explicit expressions for the expected Fisher information and Cramér-Rao lower bound are also derived.
In the Bayesian context, assuming an inverted gamma prior on δ, the uniqueness, boundedness and asymptotics of the highest
posterior density estimator of δ can be deduced in a similar way. Finally, an illustrative example is included. 相似文献
20.
文章着重研究不同的就业制度对妇女发展的深刻影响 ,阐述就业制度的选择与男女平等观念实现的关系 ,以期能为当前就业政策的制定提供一些理论思考 相似文献