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171.
In this paper, we focus on task restructuring as one of the most frequently occurring types of change in our contemporary knowledge society. In spite of its evident prevalence, research on task restructuring and employee well-being has been scarce until now. Based on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory and the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, we argue that task restructuring is negatively related with employee well-being (in terms of emotional exhaustion and vigour). Furthermore, we advance that opportunities for learning through reflection and experimentation, as well as recently acquired KSAOs can serve as buffers in the relationship between task restructuring and well-being. Hierarchical regression analyses and simple slope analyses were conducted in order to test the research hypotheses on a large sample of the Dutch working population (N = 1711). Task restructuring had a positive association with emotional exhaustion and a negative one with vigour. Furthermore, recently acquired KSAOs, as well as opportunities for reflection and experimentation, buffered the relationship between task restructuring and emotional exhaustion. Opportunities for reflection and experimentation moderated the relationship between task restructuring and vigour as well. This study suggests that workplace learning can mitigate the negative relationship between task restructuring and well-being. 相似文献
172.
Marike van Tienen Peer Scheepers Jan Reitsma Hans Schilderman 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2011,22(3):365-389
This paper deals with the question: To what extent do individual religious characteristics, in addition to collective religious characteristics, contribute to the explanation of formal and informal volunteering in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 21st century? To answer this research question, we used the SOCON 2005–2006 dataset. Our main finding concerns informal volunteering: we found that spirituality increases the likelihood of informal volunteering, implying that openness to other people’s needs increases the likelihood of the actual provision of help. There are no other aspects of religiosity that are related to informal volunteering. With regard to formal volunteering we found that, in line with previous research, religious attendance is related positively to formal volunteering, religious as well as secular volunteering, which can be regarded as support for the proposition that religious involvement is important for norm conformity. Further, having a more religious worldview decreases the likelihood of formal volunteering which might show that those with a strong religious worldview are more concerned with the ‘otherworldly’ and less so with what they do in this world. We found no influence of individual religious characteristics on formal volunteering. These results confirm the idea that integration into a religious community plays quite a large role in explaining formal volunteering. Informal volunteering, however, seems to be independent of social networks: it rather depends on individual motivation. 相似文献
173.
Schmitz Hans Peter Mitchell George E. McCollim Elena M. 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2021,32(2):512-523
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - This study investigates a discourse about billionaire philanthropy established in letters submitted by 187 of 209... 相似文献
174.
Generalized social trust is correlated with increased levels of civic engagement, lower crime rates, and greater economic growth. Many scholars believe that equality provides the conditions in which social trust can flourish. Thus, welfare programs might be one way to generate social trust. However, the relationship between social spending and trust is contested: Some argue it is negative, while others argue it is positive. This study examined the effects of total social welfare expenditures on social trust in 18 OECD countries, holding constant individual characteristics, country characteristics, and country and year effects. Fixed effects analyses indicate that every additional percent of gross domestic product spent on social expenditures 5 years prior is associated with a 4.7 percent increased likelihood that respondents of that country will endorse trusting other people. Further testing for reverse causality found no significant association between trust and later social expenditures, supporting the claim that expenditures drive trust instead of the reverse. 相似文献
175.
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177.
Hubert Van Puyenbroeck Gerrit Loots† Hans Grietens‡ Wolfgang Jacquet Johan Vanderfaeillie† Valentin Escudero§¶ 《Child & Family Social Work》2009,14(2):222-232
Set up as a one-group pre-test–post-test follow-up design, this study examines the outcomes of intensive family preservation services (IFPS) in Flanders addressing the following research questions: Does IFPS make a significant difference concerning (1) the interaction between parent and child? (2) social support as experienced by the parent? (3) stress and empowerment of the parent? and (4) the strengths and difficulties of the minor? Families seem to indicate that their family situation is more manageable, although still, professional help is needed. Parents feel more resilient about the situation and indicate that they can get along with their child better than before the crisis intervention. Parents still feel uncertain about the future and about their role as a parent. There seems to be no indications that their level and quality of social contacts have changed. Further research is suggested to provide more in-depth information about the conditions associated with processes of change during an IFPS intervention. 相似文献
178.
Is there a rationale for an electoral college system or do these voting systems always waste useful information? This paper studies this question in a setup in which voting is supposed to aggregate decentralized information about individual preferences for two candidates. Individual perceptions may be affected by regional information. When such regional information plays a major role, an electoral college system may be superior to simple majority voting. 相似文献
179.
In this article we examine the emergence of social worker training in the Nordic countries and discuss the possible effects that the social democratic welfare regime has had on such training. We also discuss the development in recent decades of the academisation of the training and the establishment of social work as a subject of research and teaching. The early history of social worker education is based on archival material, national inquiries and secondary sources. Our presentation of the recent history of social work education is based on the responses to a questionnaire sent to teachers of social work in 33 Nordic social work programmes, and on a survey of course syllabi and prospectuses. It is also based on the reading lists for the social work courses in these programmes. 相似文献
180.
Chris Hans 《Statistics and Computing》2010,20(2):221-229
While Bayesian analogues of lasso regression have become popular, comparatively little has been said about formal treatments
of model uncertainty in such settings. This paper describes methods that can be used to evaluate the posterior distribution
over the space of all possible regression models for Bayesian lasso regression. Access to the model space posterior distribution
is necessary if model-averaged inference—e.g., model-averaged prediction and calculation of posterior variable inclusion probabilities—is
desired. The key element of all such inference is the ability to evaluate the marginal likelihood of the data under a given
regression model, which has so far proved difficult for the Bayesian lasso. This paper describes how the marginal likelihood
can be accurately computed when the number of predictors in the model is not too large, allowing for model space enumeration
when the total number of possible predictors is modest. In cases where the total number of possible predictors is large, a
simple Markov chain Monte Carlo approach for sampling the model space posterior is provided. This Gibbs sampling approach
is similar in spirit to the stochastic search variable selection methods that have become one of the main tools for addressing
Bayesian regression model uncertainty, and the adaption of these methods to the Bayesian lasso is shown to be straightforward. 相似文献