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361.
Hans Peter Grüner 《Theory and Decision》2009,67(3):239-265
This paper develops a model of political consensus in order to explain the missing link between inequality and political redistribution.
Political consensus is an implicit agreement not to vote for extreme policy proposals. We show that such an agreement may
play an efficiency-enhancing role. Voters anticipate that voting for extremist parties increases policy uncertainty in the
future. A political consensus among voters reduces policy uncertainty because self-interested politicians propose non-discriminatory
policies. We study how much inequality can be sustained in a democracy and how the limits to redistribution vary with initial
inequality. The bounds of the set of political equilibria may react in a fundamentally different manner to changes in exogenous
variables than do the policy variables in the one-dimensional, one-shot game. More initial inequality need not lead to more
redistribution from the rich to the poor. The maximum amount of redistribution decreases with inequality if (and only if)
agents are sufficiently patient. In this case inequality is politically self-sustaining. 相似文献
362.
Maternal Sensitivity Moderates the Relation between Negative Discipline and Aggression in Early Childhood 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lenneke R. A. Alink Judi Mesman Jantien van Zeijl Mirjam N. Stolk Femmie Juffer Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Hans M. Koot 《Social Development》2009,18(1):99-120
Three models regarding the relation between maternal (in)sensitivity, negative discipline, and child aggression were examined in a sample of 117 mother–child pairs with high scores on child externalizing behavior: (1) Sensitivity and discipline are uniquely related to child aggression (the additive model); (2) the relation between discipline and aggression is moderated by maternal sensitivity (the moderating model); (3) the relation between sensitivity and aggression is mediated by maternal discipline (the mediating model). Parenting and child aggression were observed when the children were on average 26.71 months old (range of 13.58 to 41.91 months) and again one year later. Results supported the moderating model. More negative discipline was related to more child aggression one year later, but only when mothers were insensitive. This finding supports the idea that the affective context is important for the impact of negative discipline on child development. 相似文献
363.
This article reports on qualitative research among 48 social professionals, managers and policymakers and their perceptions of activating citizenship, social work roles and responsibilities, carried out in Utrecht and Tartu. Professionals from both countries agreed to the idea of activating citizenship but stressing the perspective of personalised or lived citizenship, each person to his own capacities and embedded in the personal context. Nearly all respondents were critical about the recognition of social workers as a full profession, about the new management way of steering social work and about cooperation between different groups of professionals and services. Although both countries have quite different historical and cultural backgrounds, the authors found many similarities among social workers regarding their ideas on support, participation and commitment to the people they work for and work with. International research projects contribute to a more strongly recognised social work theory and social work practice by getting a better understanding, in particular of the way social work adapts to different contexts but from a highly recognisable international discourse within social work. 相似文献
364.
Hans G. Bloemen Silvia Pasqua Elena G. F. Stancanelli 《Review of Economics of the Household》2010,8(3):345-369
The literature suggests that in Italy husbands contribute less to unpaid household work than in any other European country,
while women have the lowest market employment rates. Here we examine the time allocation of Italian couples on which there
are surprisingly few studies to date. We analyze simultaneously the time allocated by husband and wife to market work, childcare
and housework, allowing for various interactions. We use data drawn from the Italian national Time Use Survey 2002–2003 for
the analysis. We find that spousal time allocation is sensitive to personal and household characteristics, such as, in particular,
education and children’s age. Evidence shows that men married to more highly educated women spend more time with their children.
The husband’s own characteristics have less of an effect on women’s time allocation. We also find that patterns differ substantially
between weekends and weekdays. The estimated correlations between the unobservable factors affecting the couple’s time allocation
suggest that the time devoted by parents to childcare is complementary and that the time they devote to housework is substitutable
across weekends and other weekdays. 相似文献
365.
This paper examines determinants of aspirations and expectations among children of immigrants based on a statistically representative sample of 3,375 second generation youths interviewed in 101 public and private secondary schools in metropolitan Madrid. We review the past literature on status attainment in general and aspirations and expectations, in particular, and draw from it a set of six hypotheses to guide the analysis. Most theoretical statements in this field have been developed on the basis of U.S. data; studies in other immigrant-receiving countries, especially outside the Anglophone world, have been scarce. The study thus provides an opportunity to test and refine existing hypotheses in a different national context. We present breakdowns of educational and occupational aspirations and expectations by gender, parental education and type of school attended. This is followed by multivariate regressions of all four dependent variables on these three plus other predictors suggested by the research literature. This analysis ends with structural equation models - recursive and non-recursive - that provide an integrated theoretical statement of the causal structure of ambition in the Spanish context. Implications of our findings for theory and policy are examined. Suggestions for future research in this field are discussed. 相似文献
366.
Mitchell George E. Schmitz Hans Peter 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2023,34(1):162-169
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - A combination of computer-aided qualitative data analysis (CAQDAS) and latent class analysis (LCA) can substantially... 相似文献
367.
Abstract. The paper considers the wage and employment effects of alternative social security policies. Such a policy can take the form of a fixed benefit level or linking the level of unemployment benefits to private sector wages. The latter is an important social security policy instrument to guarantee an equitable distribution of income. A fixed benefit level policy yields lower wages and larger employment than an automatic link between the level of benefits and the wage rate. Further, if the government decides to make the link conditional on the stabilization of the tax rate, wages are lower and employment is higher than in both former alternatives. By endogenizing its social security policy, the government is able to reduce the loss in employment that the link policy brings about. 相似文献
368.
Hans Fehr 《Review of Economics of the Household》2009,7(4):473-473
In Memoriam
Maria Concetta (Etta) Chiuri 1969–2009 相似文献369.
In this study, we investigated the work and welfare‐state trajectories of three cohorts of middle‐aged Norwegian inhabitants over a period of two decades (1994–2014). The period of this study is particularly interesting because of an extensive welfare reform that was initiated in 2006 and completed in 2011. We addressed two questions: What were the most typical labour market and welfare‐state trajectories for middle‐aged people over the past two decades, and have they changed? Second, did the work and welfare‐state trajectories of a major target group of the NAV reform – adults with a high risk of health‐related exclusion – change during our observation period? Over the period, we witnessed a sharp drop in the number of people in stable employment. Furthermore, rather than solving the problem of permanent health‐related exclusion from the labour market, policy changes have created a new problem by steering people into temporary and less secure income sources from the welfare state. 相似文献
370.
The change of one's habitual living conditions in favor of institutionalized living in a retirement home can be a stressful event. Therefore, the question arises: How does entry into a retirement home affect attitudes toward one's life and aging and toward retirement homes? In order to answer this question, we used longitudinal data from 53 older individuals who were surveyed before and after entry into a retirement home. The data revealed that attitudes toward one's life and aging changed negatively and attitudes toward retirement homes changed positively; however, there are gains and losses in both attitudes. 相似文献