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31.
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Neeta S. Bijoor Heather R. McCarthy Dachun Zhang Diane E. Pataki 《Urban Ecosystems》2012,15(1):195-214
In semi-arid cities, urban trees are often irrigated, but may also utilize natural water sources such as groundwater. Consequently,
the sources of water for urban tree transpiration may be uncertain, complicating efforts to efficiently manage water resources.
We used a novel approach based on stable isotopes to determine tree water sources in the Los Angeles basin, where we hypothesized
that trees would rely on irrigation water in the soil rather than develop deep roots to tap into groundwater. We evaluated
the oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) isotope ratios of xylem water, irrigation water, soil water, and groundwater in a study of temporal patterns
in water sources at two urban sites, and a study of spatial patterns at nine urban sites and one “natural” riparian forest.
Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that despite frequent irrigation, some trees tap into groundwater, although in most species
this was a small water source. Some trees appeared to be using very shallow soil water at <30 cm depth, suggesting that these
mature urban trees were quite shallowly rooted. In the natural site, trees appeared to be using urban runoff in addition to
shallow soil water. We were able to identify tree uptake of precipitation at only 3 sites. The results show that some irrigated
trees utilize groundwater and do not rely solely on irrigation water, which may make them able to withstand drought and/or
water conservation measures. However, some irrigated trees may develop very shallow root systems, which may make them more
susceptible. 相似文献
33.
Tapley H 《Journal of lesbian studies》2012,16(2):238-251
The following article reads the protagonist in Sarah Schulman's Girls, Visions and Everything as not only lesbian, but as hobosexual-a concept representative of anti-capitalist practices in both sex and labor. The hobosexual is developed as an extension of the lesbian flaneur, as a concept that requires reading Schulman's urban lesbian at the intersection of class and sexuality. Lila Futuransky's sexual identity is suspended and complicated through an emphasis on her desire for queer mobility; her urban movements connect her to hobo history, but also expose the effects of capitalism that thwart her urban movement. 相似文献
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This article examines the role that women’s cultures and communities have played in political protest and social change. We argue that women’s cultures, which form around the reproductive roles, labor, and emotional expectations placed on women, have been used to express femininity and as cultural resources or “toolkits” to transform male‐dominated spheres of society. We begin by defining women’s cultures, emphasizing that there is no universal women’s culture because the structural arrangements and cultural meanings of gender vary by race, ethnicity, class, nationality, and political context. We then review research that demonstrates the significance of women’s cultures for the collective identities and tactics deployed in social movements and protest, demonstrating how the study of women’s cultures and gender processes in social movements has contributed empirically and theoretically to understanding social movements. We examine women’s cultures and collective identities in communities as wide ranging as self‐help groups, lesbian communities, feminist organizations, and anti‐feminist groups. We then draw on prevailing theories of cultural change in globalization studies (cultural differentialism, cultural convergence, and cultural hybridization) to understand how women’s cultures have contributed to social change. We conclude by identifying future directions for the study of women’s cultures and social movements. 相似文献
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Sherry Hamby PhD Alli Smith BA Kimberly Mitchell PhD Heather Turner PhD 《Journal of elder abuse & neglect》2016,28(4-5):217-234
ABSTRACTThis literature review assesses the current state of knowledge about elder abuse and mistreatment, focusing on the lack of incorporation of all forms of elder victimization and the benefits of a poly-victimization framework. This review also includes existing knowledge on risk factors and calls for a greater focus on protective factors and a greater inclusion on family and community factors. Future research, prevention, and intervention would benefit from considering the true burden of elder victimization and a greater implementation of strengths-based approaches to programs. 相似文献
39.
Heather L. Scheuerman 《Sociology Compass》2014,8(2):203-218
Research in social psychology and criminology reveals a great deal of overlap when explaining the relationship between injustice and criminal or deviant behavior. The organizational justice literature examines how the major forms of justice (distributive, procedural, and interactional) combine and interact to influence criminal or deviant behaviors in the workplace. While general strain theory (GST) recognizes that injustice is an aspect of strain that fosters criminal coping in multiple contexts, it does not detail the additive and interactive effects that these types of injustice may have on crime. Nevertheless, GST can provide a useful theoretical lens for understanding how injustice facilitates criminal behavior. This article provides an overview of major findings regarding the relationship between injustice and crime according to a GST framework, concluding with a discussion of new directions for future research. 相似文献
40.
Juliana?YimEmail author Heather?Mitchell 《International Journal of Asian Management》2004,3(1):103-120
This article looks at the ability of a relatively new technique, hybrid artificial neural networks (ANNs), to predict Japanese banking and firm failures. These models are compared with traditional statistical techniques and conventional ANN models. The results suggest that hybrid neural networks outperform all other models in predicting failure for one year prior to the event. This suggests that for researchers, policymakers, and others interested in early warning systems, the hybrid network may be a useful tool for predicting banking and firm failures. 相似文献