东北抗日民族统一战线的伟大创举

1936年初,中共东满特委和东北人民革命军第二军,从东北抗日战争的实际出发,认真贯彻共产国际和中共中央代表团的指示,创造性地发展和扩大了抗日民族统一战线.     

谈英语的体

研究英语的体应从研究动词情景入手。动词情景的分类应以三对内在体性为依据 ,按一定步骤进行。动词情景的内部时间构成成分与它们的内在体性有着密切关系。体就是看动词情景的内部时间构成成分的不同方式。体可分为三对体义。在英语中 ,体除了借助进行体和完成体表现外 ,更多的可借助时态或词化形式来表现     

海派作家笔下的肺结核病人

从西方浪漫派开始,肺结核病被想象成一种爱情病。肺结核病人往往被描写成浪漫、温情、执着、优雅、多愁、善感,大部分是具有艺术修养的人。浪漫的肺结核疾病意象,多表现在女性人物身上,而男性患者则被描绘成暴躁、肮脏和可怜的。关于女病人海派作家延续了林黛玉病态美的传统审美旨趣。同时,病人形象是男性知识者无法改变生存处境,无力抢夺心爱的女性的一种阉割焦虑的心理体现。张爱玲塑造了一个异质的女肺结核病人的形象。川常不仅仅是作家弃儿情结的反映,它反映了新女性在独立之后无所依托的孤独感。     

西尔科的小说《典仪》的生态批评解读

西尔科的小说《典仪》从自然生态、社会生态和精神生态三个维度反映了造成人类生态危机的思想文化根源,表达了印第安文化中蕴含的和谐生态智慧。这不仅是处于困境中的印第安民族的出路,更是人类恢复生态、自我救赎的救助策略。     

Risk and diversification of nonprofit revenue portfolios: Applying modern portfolio theory to nonprofit revenue management

This study uses modern portfolio theory (MPT) to estimate the risk of nonprofit revenue portfolios and examines to what degree the revenue concentration measure based on Herfindahl–Hirschman Index is associated with the portfolio risk measure based on MPT. The findings suggest that nonprofits with greater revenue concentration have lower revenue portfolio risk in the whole sample analysis. However, it is plausible that this result is dominated by organizations reliant on commercial income, which comprise over half of the sample. In fact, when examined separately, the relationship varies by an organization's primary funding structure. While higher revenue concentration is positively associated with portfolio risk for organizations relying on donations or those without a consistent primary funding source, it appears to associate with a lower portfolio risk for commercial organizations and those relying on government grants. This study reflects on the concept of diversification derived from portfolio theory and calls attention to a more nuanced approach to nonprofit revenue strategy.     

Comparing two survey methods for estimating maternal and perinatal mortality in rural Cambodia

PURPOSE: We need solid estimates of maternal mortality rates (MMR) to monitor the impact of maternal care programs. Cambodian health authorities and WHO report the MMR in Cambodia at 450 per 100,000 live births. The figure is drawn from surveys where information is obtained by interviewing respondents about the survival of all their adult sisters (sisterhood method). The estimate is statistically imprecise, 95% confidence intervals ranging from 260 to 620/100,000. The MMR estimate is also uncertain due to under-reporting; where 80-90% of women deliver at home maternal fatalities may go undetected especially where mortality is highest, in remote rural areas. The aim of this study was to attain more reliable MMR estimates by using survey methods other than the sisterhood method prior to an intervention targeting obstetric rural emergencies. PROCEDURES: The study was carried out in rural Northwestern Cambodia where access to health services is poor and poverty, endemic diseases, and land mines are endemic. Two survey methods were applied in two separate sectors: a community-based survey gathering data from public sources and a household survey gathering data direct from primary sources. FINDINGS: There was no statistically significant difference between the two survey results for maternal deaths, both types of survey reported mortality rates around the public figure. The household survey reported a significantly higher perinatal mortality rate as compared to the community-based survey, 8.6% versus 5.0%. Also the household survey gave qualitative data important for a better understanding of the many problems faced by mothers giving birth in the remote villages. There are detection failures in both surveys; the failure rate may be as high as 30-40%. PRINCIPLE CONCLUSION: Both survey methods are inaccurate, therefore inappropriate for evaluation of short-term changes of mortality rates. Surveys based on primary informants yield qualitative information about mothers' hardships important for the design of future maternal care interventions.     

MOTHER'S EMPLOYMENT DEMANDS, WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT, AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

This study revisited the old research question of whether or not maternal employment would adversely affect children's development. We reframed the question by asking how a mother's temporal employment demands might be linked to child development. We used longitudinal data from a sample of 340 white, lower- to middle-class, dual-earner families living in the rural Midwest of the United States. The data were obtained from questionnaires and videotaped observations, and were informed by the mother, the father, the adolescent child, and a trained observer. As predicted, we found a strong relationship between a mother's temporal employment demands and work-family conflict, which was significantly associated with her emotional distress. A husband's egalitarian gender ideology was found to reduce the mother's emotional distress. Maternal distress was then negatively associated with nurturant and involved parenting, which in turn predicted a reduction in the adolescent child's emotional and behavioral problems over time.     

依法治国的宪法根基与动力

在全面深化改革的历史背景下,依法治国作为推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的制度保障,承载着时代所赋予的重大而紧迫的历史使命。党的十八届四中全会直面我国法治建设领域存在的突出问题,立足我国社会主义法治建设实际,对全面推进依法治国的指导思想、总目标、基本原则、发展道路、基本方略、重大举措等一系列重大理论和实践问题,做出了科学论断和全面部署,是新时期我国法治建设的战略动员和行动纲领。健全司法权运行机制是四中全会确定的司法改革的重要任务,健全公检法三机关分工负责、互相配合、互相制约机制是健全司法权运行机制的重要内容。而我国刑事诉讼法确定的公检法三机关在刑事诉讼中应当分工负责、互相配合、互相制约的原则,无论在司法职权配置和实际运行当中均存在问题。同时,在当代中国的社会发展进程中,依法治国的基本内涵和价值意蕴在不断丰富和深化,法治国家的基本轮廓和未来走向日渐清晰和理性。依法治国基本方略与宪法的原则精神高度契合,具有鲜明的宪法逻辑。而法治建设的成效又因国家、社会、公民的多维参与而依赖于宪法实施的效果,在全面推进依法治国的伟大历史实践中,宪法实施有着至关重要的作用和意义。为了更好地学习贯彻十八届四中全会精神,本刊编辑部特邀相关专家进行专题研究,得到了一些对此问题素有研究的学者的积极回应,供读者参考。     

Multilevel particle filters for the non-linear filtering problem in continuous time

Statistics and Computing - In the following article we consider the numerical approximation of the non-linear filter in continuous-time, where the observations and signal follow diffusion...     

联盟还是并购:基于环境动态性和企业家精神调节作用的研究

通过分析吉利集团和比亚迪公司的案例,探讨了联盟战略、并购战略作为获取外部技术的2种有效途径,其作用受到外部环境动态性、企业家精神以及二者交互影响的问题,并构建了相应的理论框架。研究结果表明,当外部环境动态性高时,企业应选择联盟战略作为主导技术获取方式;当内部企业家精神高时,企业应选择并购战略作为主导技术获取方式;企业家精神高的企业在环境动态性高时,应选择并购战略来获取技术。