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An experimental investigation of the combined effects of noise and nightwork revealed the following sex differences. Female subjects showed a large night-time impairment on a test of manual dexterity, but performed working memory tasks better at night than in the day. In contrast to this, male subjects showed a small impairment at night on both types of task. Other tasks, such as the simple reaction time task, were impaired at night for both sexes, and some tasks, such as the high memory load search task, showed no night-time impairment in males or females. There was no evidence of noise producing different effects in the two sexes, and few instances of sex differences in the size of post-meal impairments. Overall, these results show mat the effect of working at night depends on the nature of the task and also the sex of the person performing it. 相似文献
104.
This paper considers how Japanese management accounting interfaces with the new production environments being implemented in Japan. A review of evidence on the relative importance of the set of management accounting and production engineering techniques is presented. On the basis of these results the paper presents tentative predictions about the evolutionary path of future management accounting in Japan. 相似文献
105.
The physiognomic distinctions between spontaneous enjoyment smiles and deliberate non-enjoyment smiles provide the social
perceiver with a functional, accessible source of information to help regulate social interaction. Two experiments were performed
to investigate whether perceivers were sensitive to this information in a contextually meaningful manner. In Experiment 1,
participants were asked to judge whether a target individual was happy or not. The results revealed that participants were
indeed sensitive to the differences between enjoyment and non-enjoyment smiles. In Experiment 2, participants performed a
priming task without any specific instruction to judge emotional state. Neutral expressions, non-enjoyment smiles and enjoyment
smiles were employed as primes in a word valence identification task. The results demonstrated a clear trend indicative of
perceiver sensitivity. When compared to a the baseline condition of a neutral expression prime, enjoyment but not non-enjoyment
smiles facilitated identification of positive words.
相似文献
Lynden MilesEmail: |
106.
Justine Howard Gareth E. Miles Laura Rees‐Davies Emma J. Bertenshaw 《Children & Society》2017,31(5):378-389
Children's reports about their play in middle childhood and the emotions they associate with play have received limited research attention. Using focus groups, this study asked 38 children in the UK about what, where and with whom they played. They were also asked how play made them feel. Children reported a wide range of play behaviours, with outdoor and traditional games being just as prominently mentioned as play with electronic devices. The emotional importance of play in middle childhood was apparent, with children associating play with strong positive emotions, and not being able to play with negative emotions and anxiety. 相似文献
107.
This article offers a cross-country overview of child poverty, changes in child poverty, and the impact of public policy in
North America and Europe. Levels and changes in child poverty rates in 12 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD) countries during the 1990s are documented using data from the Luxembourg Income Study project, and a decomposition
analysis is used to uncover the relative role of demographic factors, labor markets, and income transfers from the state in
determining the magnitude and direction of the changes. Child poverty rates fell noticeably in only three countries and rose
in three others. In no country were demographic factors a force for higher child poverty rates, but these factors were also
limited in their ability to cushion children from adverse shocks originating in the labor market or the government sector.
Increases in the labor market engagement of mothers consistently lowered child poverty rates, while decreases in the employment
rates and earnings of fathers were a force for higher rates. Finally, there is no single road to lower child poverty rates.
Reforms to income transfers intended to increase labor supply may or may not end up lowering the child poverty rate. 相似文献
108.
Kuba Krys C. -Melanie Vauclair Colin A. Capaldi Vivian Miu-Chi Lun Michael Harris Bond Alejandra Domínguez-Espinosa Claudio Torres Ottmar V. Lipp L. Sam S. Manickam Cai Xing Radka Antalíková Vassilis Pavlopoulos Julien Teyssier Taekyun Hur Karolina Hansen Piotr Szarota Ramadan A. Ahmed Eleonora Burtceva Ana Chkhaidze Enila Cenko Patrick Denoux Márta Fülöp Arif Hassan David O. Igbokwe İdil Işık Gwatirera Javangwe María Malbran Fridanna Maricchiolo Hera Mikarsa Lynden K. Miles Martin Nader Joonha Park Muhammad Rizwan Radwa Salem Beate Schwarz Irfana Shah Chien-Ru Sun Wijnand van Tilburg Wolfgang Wagner Ryan Wise Angela Arriola Yu 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2016,40(2):101-116
Smiling individuals are usually perceived more favorably than non-smiling ones—they are judged as happier, more attractive, competent, and friendly. These seemingly clear and obvious consequences of smiling are assumed to be culturally universal, however most of the psychological research is carried out in WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) and the influence of culture on social perception of nonverbal behavior is still understudied. Here we show that a smiling individual may be judged as less intelligent than the same non-smiling individual in cultures low on the GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance dimension. Furthermore, we show that corruption at the societal level may undermine the prosocial perception of smiling—in societies with high corruption indicators, trust toward smiling individuals is reduced. This research fosters understanding of the cultural framework surrounding nonverbal communication processes and reveals that in some cultures smiling may lead to negative attributions. 相似文献
109.
110.
M. Miles 《Child Abuse Review》1996,5(4):263-274
Public discussion of child abuse, sexual abuse and the sexuality of mentally handicapped 1 ‘Mental handicap’ is the English term commonly used in Pakistan and widely understood across Asia. It would be incongruous to use one of the more recent terms with which ‘mental handicap’ is being replaced in Britain, but which are seldom used in South Asia. Other obsolete terms in this paper, e.g. ‘pederast’, ‘idiot’, are used in historical contexts. people is unwelcome in Pakistan, as in some other Asian and Muslim nations. Formal sex education is not given in schools. Sparse documentation exists in historical sources and the literature of anthropology, law, paediatrics, psychology and psychiatry. Some of this is reviewed, bearing in mind that cultural constructions of abuse vary significantly between Pakistan and western countries. Positive resources exist in the ordinary family life of Pakistan. Some families with mentally handicapped children appreciate teachers' efforts to explain bodily changes, personal hygiene and appropriate social behaviour, under the title ‘modesty education’. The accumulation of reliable and culturally sensitive information from a broad range of sources, and its wider dissemination, are important factors in supporting progress. Issues of knowledge and focus are discussed. 相似文献