Author Index

Authors Index

Author Index     

南渡士人的佛教因缘与文学创作

宋室南渡以后,禅悦之风较北宋更为盛行.从达官宰执到一般朝野士人,皆对佛教持支持信仰之态度.与北宋士人相比,南渡士人的礼佛参禅在内容与形式上有所变化.如同是援佛入儒,北宋士人是"尽用其学而不自知",一方面吸收佛学的精华,一方面又公开攘斥佛老;而南渡士人不仅援佛入儒,以佛学作为儒学的参照系,而且还身体力行,佛教对其浸染甚深.禅悦之风在士林的盛行,不仅对南宋政府的佛教政策有所影响,而且也因此影响了士林的文学批评与文学创作."以禅喻诗"是南渡士人对文学作出的新诠释,而"援禅入诗"、"援禅入词",则是他们在创作上呈现出的一大特色.就佛教对文学批评的影响来说,尽管参诗之说始自北宋,但真正将参禅与作诗结合起来并提出重要的诗学概念与范畴的,则是南渡诗人.并且就时间来说,禅诗相通,至南渡以后,方为诗人所共识,这是最值得注意的现象.禅悦之风在南宋初期的盛行,有历史、政治及经济等方面的原因,就士人来说,他们信奉佛教,除去学术与个人遭际等因素以外,最重要的原因是南渡政府安置南渡士人的特殊政策增加了士人与佛教接触的机会,从而进一步刺激了士人对佛教的了解.     

The integration of TQM and technology/R&D management in determining quality and innovation performance

This paper presents an empirical study which examines the co-alignment between Total Quality Management (TQM) and technology/research and development (R&D) management in predicting organizational performance in terms of quality and innovation. This study improves our understanding of the relationship between TQM and innovation based on the following two major issues. First, this study contributes to the understanding of the co-alignment between TQM and technology management along with R&D management by bridging the gap between the two areas which are often addressed in a separate fashion. Second, this study also examines the impact of the integration between TQM and technology/R&D on quality and innovation performance which have been considered as the primary sources of a competitive advantage. The empirical data was drawn from 194 Australian organizations and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. The findings indicate that TQM shows a strong predictive power against quality performance but no significant relationship against innovation performance. On the other hand, technology and R&D management shows a significant relationship with quality performance but at a lower level than that of TQM, and shows much stronger relationship with innovation performance. In addition, there is strong and positive correlation between TQM and technology/R&D management. The major implication of this study is that technology/R&D management is an appropriate resource to be used in harmony with TQM to enhance organizational performance, particularly innovation.     

On place utility and the normative allocation of intra-urban migrants

This paper arises out of the fact that place utility, a basic factor in behavioral conceptualizations of migration processes, has not been specified in operational terms. This is done here through a model that assigns intraurban migrants to destination areal units within the city, using a normative linear programming framework based on behavioral considerations. Measures of place utilities for each areal unit and of comparative place utilities for each pair-wise permutation of areal units are provided by the shadow prices of the dual of the linear programming model. The primal of the model allocates migrants so as to maximize the household’s gain from migration. This is measured by the increase in its realized aspirations with respect to a residence site, tempered by the search effort involved in acquiring the site. Implementation of the model utilizes both questionnaire and published data from Cedar Rapids, Iowa for the year 1966 to 1967. Conformity between predictions of the model and real-world characteristics is such that it is concluded that the basic form of the model is sound. It is also concluded that the posited relationships between place utility and behavior in searching for and selecting a new residential site are reasonable and can lead to valuable insights into place utility and its functioning in the intra-urban system. Due to some misallocation of migrant flows, however, we further conclude that the model should be revised into a recursive format for future use.     

Human facial expression judgment in a conversational context

Two hundred eighty male and female college students scaled thirty-five human face photographs for the degree of annoyance, interest, understanding, and spontaneity expressed. An individual differences analysis of the scaling data indicated independence of these expression dimensions and resulted in 11 like-perceiving subgroups of subjects. These homogeneous subgroups were characterized on the basis of their differential use of facial features within as well as between expression dimensions and on their differences in a test of figural creativity.The authors are grateful to Dr. Dina Anselmi and Dr. Michael Tirrell for their contributions to the Phase II data collection.     

MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS IN RENEWAL AND MARKOV-RENEWAL PROCESSES

Sampling procedures using randomized observation-points are suggested for estimating parameters in renewal and Markov renewal models. The usual asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood method are shown to hold. The method we suggest provides a solution to the ML estimation problem in either or both of the following situations: (i) observations on between-event intervals are unavailable, (ii) the interval densities are unknown or difficult to evaluate while their Laplace-Stieltjes transforms are known.     

Status inequality and stress in marriage.

Emotional stresses that are experienced in marriage are traced to differences in spouses' status origins. Linking status differences to such stress are a number of intervening conditions. People to whom status advancement is important and who have married mates of lower status are apt to have a sense of loss that leads, in turn, to a disruptions of reciprocity, expressiveness, affection and value sharing in marital exchange. Such disruptions then act as immediate antecedents to emotional stress. It is through this process that the status order of the larger society can reach out to have a deleterious influence on the emotional states arising out of marital transactions.