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21.
文章借用第二手数据,并应用道格拉斯生产函数,通过研究西藏封建农奴制后期的生产率,没有大道理,没有典型个案,用经济学最基本的理论说明当时的制度确实阻碍了生产力的发展,其土崩瓦解有合理性。一位学者用此方法说明民主改革这样重大政治举措的合理性,值得借鉴。 相似文献
22.
The current study focuses on efficiency improvement for banking systems from multiple perspectives, which have different definitions of input/output about various attributes of a banking system. In this research we utilize data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Nash bargaining game (NBG) theory to improve inefficient banks in order to: (1) Make the inefficient bank be the state of Pareto Optimality for multiple perspectives, which can avoid discontentment of some perspectives. (2) Improve a bank by changing its attributes and provide various improving schemes for decision makers. A numerical case study of Japanese banks is also given to show the results of equilibrium solution from multiple perspectives. 相似文献
23.
24.
This paper presents a machine-learning approach using a multi-layered neural network (NN) with application to a sintering process in an iron- and steel-making plant. Our method induces 'operational rules' that determine operational conditions to obtain products that meet a given quality specification. In our application, an operational condition decides the appropriate ranges of chemical composition and heat input to obtain sinter with desirable properties. Our approach consists of two stages. First, backpropagation (BP) training is performed to obtain a NN which decides whether a given condition is appropriate or not. Secondly, from the trained NN, we extract rules which explain what operational conditions are appropriate. In spite of the effective learning capability, a major drawback of a NN is 'unreadability' of the learned knowledge, or the lack of an explanatory capability, which is crucial in the second stage. We developed a rule extraction algorithm which contributes to overcoming this 'unreadability'. The extracted rules are found to agree well with the knowledge in material science. 相似文献
25.
Liang Zhao Hiroshi Nagamochi Toshihide Ibaraki 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2001,5(4):397-410
For an edge weighted undirected graph G and an integer k > 2, a k-way cut is a set of edges whose removal leaves G with at least k components. We propose a simple approximation algorithm to the minimum k-way cut problem. It computes a nearly optimal k-way cut by using a set of minimum 3-way cuts. We show that the performance ratio of our algorithm is 2 – 3/k for an odd k and 2 – (3k – 4)/(k
2 – k) for an even k. The running time is O(kmn
3 log(n
2/m)) where n and m are the numbers of vertices and edges respectively. 相似文献
26.
We know very little about how a firm would compare against its peers when evaluated from a multiple-stakeholder perspective where the same variables are interpreted differently. Since most medium-to-large organizations acknowledge the multi-dimensional nature of their operations, finding out the performance evaluations of various stakeholders can inform managerial decision-making. Thus, the main motivation for this study is to capture the interactions among different perceptions on a common set of performance measures. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA), we work with an approach that allows a flexible designation of inputs and outputs based on varying perspectives of five key stakeholders in banking. The versatile approach demonstrates that different views from the stakeholder universe can be summarily captured in DEA scores. A numerical example on Chinese commercial banks identifies the compliant (efficient) banks versus rigid (inefficient) banks, as well as the amenable stakeholders (those evaluating banks as efficient) versus the recalcitrant stakeholders (those evaluating banks as inefficient). The aligned views held by management and shareholders as evidenced by significant correlation among performance rankings imply reduced agency costs. Similarly, shared perceptions between customers and employees may encourage management to examine how this important business interface can be improved. 相似文献
27.
在“天皇机关说”与“民本主义”的理论指导下,大正民主运动向藩阀专制发起前所未有的攻击,提出了“拥护宪政”的口号。以“大正政变”为起点的反对专制主义和扩军备战的群众运动,揭开了大正民主运动的序幕。由于大正天皇对政治体制的控制相对宽松,在资产阶级民主派的推动下,民主自由思想迅速传播开来,青年运动、学生运动、工农运动等相继而起,打破了藩阀势力独占政治阵地的局面。大正民主运动作为日本资产阶级民主派登上政治舞台的第一次表演,从实现“建立政党内阁”与“推行普选制度”两大政治课题的方面来说,它是具有划时代意义的历史事件。但是,由于资产阶级民主派本身的软弱性和客观条件的限制,“护宪三派”组成的政党内阁未能对枢密院、贵族院、军部等特权机构进行实质性的改革,日本仍旧在天皇制军国主义的压迫之下,民主革命的任务并没有完成。 相似文献
28.
A compact representation for minimizers of <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-submodular functions
A k-submodular function is a generalization of submodular and bisubmodular functions. This paper establishes a compact representation for minimizers of a k-submodular function by a poset with inconsistent pairs (PIP). This is a generalization of Ando–Fujishige’s signed poset representation for minimizers of a bisubmodular function. We completely characterize the class of PIPs (elementary PIPs) arising from k-submodular functions. We give algorithms to construct the elementary PIP of minimizers of a k-submodular function f for three cases: (i) a minimizing oracle of f is available, (ii) f is network-representable, and (iii) f arises from a Potts energy function. Furthermore, we provide an efficient enumeration algorithm for all maximal minimizers of a Potts k-submodular function. Our results are applicable to obtain all maximal persistent labelings in actual computer vision problems. We present experimental results for real vision instances. 相似文献
29.
Shigeki Koshida Tetsuo Ono Shunichiro Tsuji Takashi Murakami Hisatomi Arima Kentaro Takahashi 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(6):468-471
Background
Fetal movement is the most common method to evaluate fetal well-being. Furthermore, maternal perception of decreased fetal movements is associated with perinatal demise. Previously, we showed that perception of decreased fetal movements was the most common reason for mothers visiting the outpatient department among those who had stillbirths in our region. Further investigation of stillbirths with decreased fetal movements is essential to find a possible way of preventing stillbirth.Aim
To investigate maternal reaction time after their perceiving decreased fetal movements among stillbirths in our region of Japan.Methods
This is a population-based study of stillbirths in Shiga Prefecture, Japan conducted from 2007 to 2011. We sent a questionnaire to each obstetrician who had submitted the stillbirth certificate. We reviewed and evaluated the questionnaires returned from the obstetricians.Findings
There were 66 cases (35%) with decreased fetal movements among 188 stillbirths in Shiga during the study period. The number of maternal visits to outpatient department after perception of decreased fetal movements within 24 h was only seven (11%) among 64 stillbirths diagnosed at outpatient department.Conclusion
We conclude that delayed maternal visit after perceiving decreased fetal movements is frequently observed in stillbirths. Promoting more thorough maternal education on fetal movements, including emphasizing earlier visitation after perceiving decreased fetal movements, may prevent stillbirths. 相似文献30.
This paper presents a modified Whittaker–Henderson (WH) Method of Graduation. After giving a closed-form solution, we show that it is of practical use because it provides not only a smoothed series identical to that of the WH graduation, but also an extrapolation beyond the sample limit of current data. In addition, we introduce two other penalized least squares problems and show that they provide the same results as those of the modified WH graduation. 相似文献