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31.
32.
Intra-Individual Differences and Relationship-Specificity of Mentalising in Early Adolescence 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
There is increasing interest in understanding how relationships promote children's understanding of their own and others' thoughts and feelings. A key question in this research is whether children's ability and motivation to represent and nderstand anothers' thoughts and feelings is a function of the quality of the relationship with that individual or, alternatively, a more general characteristic of the child that is similarly expressed across relationship contexts. The current study sought to extend previous research by assessing mentalising behaviour in early adolescence and examining intra-individual differences in adolescents' mentalising behaviour about self and other in different relationships. The research design exploited the natural experiment of the secondary school, in which children develop very diverse relationships with different teachers. In the spring of the academic year, a vignette-based, semi-structured interview was administered, and students' understanding and attributions of mental states of their most and least liked teachers were coded using a newly developed system. Results indicated that there were significant intra-individual differences in adolescents' mentalising; the psychological sophistication with which adolescents understood and described another's behaviour was predicted from the affective quality of the relationship. In addition, there was significantly less incongruity or distortion in adolescents' mentalising about their most liked teacher compared with their least liked teacher, highlighting the need to consider not only the presence but also the 'accuracy' of mentalising. 相似文献
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Katherine S. Elkington Kimberly Belmonte Jessica A. Latack Claude Ann Mellins Gail A. Wasserman Geri R. Donenberg Jennifer S. Hirsch 《Journal of research on adolescence》2015,25(4):700-716
Using in‐depth interviews with 20 probation youth (60% female; 35% White; 30% Hispanic; mean age: 15 years, range = 13–17), their caregivers (100% female; mean age: 44 years, range = 34–71), and 12 female probation officers (100% White; mean age: 46 years, range = 34–57), we explored how family and probation systems exacerbate or mitigate sexual risk. We conducted thematic analyses of interviews, comparing narratives of families of sexually risky (n = 9) versus nonsexually risky (n = 11) youth. Family functioning differed by youth sexual risk behavior around quality of relationships, communication, and limit setting and monitoring. The involvement of families of sexually risky youth in probation positively influenced family functioning. Data suggest that these families are amenable to intervention and may benefit from family‐based HIV/STI interventions delivered in tandem with probation. 相似文献
36.
D Bertocci E Hirsch W Sommer A Williams 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》1992,41(1):3-10
In preparation for planning counseling and mental health services at Columbia University, the authors conducted a mental health needs assessment survey that sampled representative numbers of students. Respondents were most concerned about academic and school-related issues, followed by concerns in the area of love relationships. Multiple regression analysis revealed certain subgroups that were more likely to have these concerns and certain health and mental health problems that were significantly associated with these concerns. The study identified serious psychological problems, including suicidal/homicidal thoughts and sexual abuse, and surveyed respondents' treatment preferences. Finally, the authors discuss how the study findings contributed to sharpening and expanding focus on different aspects of program development in the collaboration between mental health and health education. 相似文献
37.
This study examines, within the context of a model developed recently by Farber and Katz, the role of expectations, uncertainty,
and costs on the incentive to bargain. It is shown that experience with a compulsory arbitration process can best be viewed
as creating opposing effects on the frequency of use. While decreased uncertainty will reduce incentives to bargain, the convergence
of expectations can work either to increase or decrease arbitration usage over time. Empirical evidence, while suggestive,
is found to be too limited to draw strong conclusions on the relative magnitude of these effects. In addition, the paper incorporates
arbitration costs into the bargaining model, and the effects of costs on arbitration usage and on the outcomes of negotiated
settlements are examined. Available evidence on the magnitude of direct arbitration costs is then summarized. Because these
costs are often low and provide little incentive to bargain, the authors suggest a policy approach for levying costs on the
parties.
The authors thank Vincent Crawford, Henry Farber, Thomas Kochan, and James Bennett for helpful comments and Pamela Marett
for research assistance. 相似文献
38.
Wheatley MV Choi K Hirsch M Walley JE Lee CS Urman HN Uman GC 《Journal of aging & social policy》2007,19(2):107-124
In response to increased consumer demand, state governments are publishing more detailed information about the quality of nursing homes. In 2002, Ohio legislation mandated the publication of a Long-Term Care Consumer Guide that included information on nursing home resident and family satisfaction surveys. Using the 2002 Ohio Nursing Home Resident Satisfaction Survey as an example, this article addresses two research questions: (1) how can statewide resident face-to-face satisfaction interviews be implemented to maximize participation of residents and facilities and produce reliable and valid results, and (2) how satisfied are residents with their nursing home experiences, overall and by level of cognitive function. 相似文献
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Wage differential studies rarely account for interarea differences in cost of living, owing both to data limitations and theoretical ambiguity. This study develops a price index for 185 metropolitan areas comprising about 70% of the U.S. labor force. Current Population Survey data for 1985–95 and data on site-specific amenities are used to estimate earnings differentials based on nominal wages, wages fully adjusted for measured cost of living, and a simple approximation of "real" wages with partial adjustment for price-level differences. Dispersion in approximate real wages across 185 labor markets and differentials by region and city size are substantially lower than dispersion in nominal or full adjustment wages. Estimates of racial and ethnic differentials display moderate sensitivity to choice of a wage measure, whereas other standard differentials do not. Both nominal wages and wages fully adjusted for cost of living may provide misleading estimates of real wage differentials. Absent data on interarea prices and amenities, researchers should include detailed controls for region and city size in nominal wage equations. ( JEL J31, R23) 相似文献
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