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排序方式: 共有109条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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新奥尔良市在2005年所遭受的卡特琳娜和丽塔飓风和水灾袭击,为美国数十年来最大的自然灾害之一。这两次飓风也唤醒了学者对灾难研究的注意力。灾难不仅冲击了社会结构,造成了不同群体聚合或边缘化,也作为一种显示器,昭示在灾难过程中最为脆弱的是穷人群体。人类学家不仅要研究灾难的影响与结果,也应该联合起来,参与救灾活动,直接为受害群体提供援助。 相似文献
33.
David Hoffman 《Pharmaceutical statistics》2003,2(2):127-132
Traditional techniques for calculating control limits for processes with discrete responses are based on the Poisson distribution. However, for many processes, the assumption of a Poisson distribution is violated. In such cases, use of traditional Poisson control limits may result in an inflated risk of Type I error. The negative binomial distribution is a natural extension of the Poisson distribution and allows for over‐dispersion relative to the Poisson distribution. A simple approach to calculating exact and approximate control limits for count data based on the negative binomial distribution is described. The approach is illustrated by application to water bacteria count data taken from a water purification system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Welfare benefits,economic opportunities,and out-of-wedlock births among black teenage girls 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This article presents a model of teenage out-of-wedlock births that incorporates the effects of both welfare and nonwelfare economic opportunities. We construct measures of the likely "medium-run" income available to a teenage girl in the event of an out-of-wedlock birth and in the absence of a birth and then estimate a logit model to determine their importance in influencing fertility behavior. The model is estimated with data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics on nearly 900 black teenagers. We find weak and statistically insignificant positive effects of Aid to Families With Dependent Children (AFDC) benefit levels and stronger and significant negative effects of economic opportunities on the probability of AFDC-related out-of-wedlock teen births. 相似文献
36.
What are the economic consequences of divorce? 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Our analysis suggests that Weitzman's finding concerning the precipitous decline in the economic status of women following divorce is likely to be incorrect. Her findings not only imply improbably large changes in income but are also inconsistent with the information she reports on changes in income and in income per capita. Corrected estimates suggest a decline in economic status of about one-third, rather than the widely cited 73 percent figure. It remains the case that the economic status of men and women diverge substantially in the years after divorce. That difference, however, is not nearly as dramatic as suggested by Weitzman's findings. 相似文献
37.
Charles S. Bullock Donna R. Hoffman Ronald Keith Gaddie 《Social science quarterly》2006,87(3):494-518
Objective. Perennial questions in electoral studies are what constitutes realignment, and when and where do realignments occur? Using the concepts of critical and secular realignments as a framework, we model change in the end product of realignment, election outcomes. We test for secular and critical changes in partisan strength across six geographic regions of the United States, focusing on office‐holding data at both the federal and state legislative level. Methods. Using an interrupted time‐series model, we examine evidence for secular realignment and posit five critical interventions that have affected American politics since World War II. Results. Our findings suggest that there are elements of both critical and secular realignments at work with different patterns in each region, and that different regions have been affected by a variety of elections associated with critical events since 1944. Conclusions. The collapse of Republican hegemony in the Northeast and Pacific West has gone largely unnoticed, buried in the intense examination of the growth of the Republican Party in the American South. The 1994 election is the most prominent in terms of its impact on seat holding by the parties at both the state and national level, and constitutes a realigning election. 相似文献
38.
Lesa Hoffman Janet Marquis Denise Poston Jean Ann Summers Ann Turnbull 《Journal of marriage and the family》2006,68(4):1069-1083
There is currently a lack of reliable scales with which to assess the construct of family quality of life, particularly for families who have children with disabilities. The current work presents 2 studies, including a total of 488 families with children with disabilities, which were conducted to complete the development of a scale to assess family quality of life. The measure was refined through confirmatory factor analyses into 25 items that assess 5 domains of Family Quality of Life: Family Interaction, Parenting, Emotional Well‐Being, Physical/Material Well‐Being, and Disability‐Related Support. Each subscale was found to be unidimensional and internally consistent. An initial examination of test‐retest reliability and convergent validity is also presented. Implications for future research, scale use, and policy are discussed. 相似文献
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Diane M. Hoffman 《Children & Society》2021,35(4):577-592
In light of recent global debates over the dangers of institutionalised orphan care, a new model of family care premised on the trope of family reunification has emerged among Haitian and US faith-based actors as the best alternative for ensuring vulnerable children's well-being. This article offers a critical cultural reading of narratives on family reunification in Haiti in social media and advocacy discourse, revealing how this approach privileges Northern assumptions about proper parenting and family life. Not only are these ideas a mismatch with realities in Haiti, they evoke deficit constructions of family and childhood that facilitate the nation's further positioning as a subject of transnational neoliberal governmentality. 相似文献