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991.
John T. Addison Lutz Bellmann Thorsten Schank Paulino Teixeira 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(2):114-137
This paper uses matched employee–employer LIAB data to provide panel estimates of the structure of labor demand in western
Germany, 1993–2002, distinguishing between highly skilled, skilled, and unskilled labor and between the manufacturing and
service sectors. Reflecting current preoccupations, our demand analysis seeks also to accommodate the impact of technology
and trade in addition to wages. The bottom-line interests are to provide elasticities of the demand for unskilled (and other)
labor that should assist in short-run policy design and to identify the extent of skill biases or otherwise in trade and technology.
相似文献
John T. AddisonEmail: |
992.
Bruce E. Kaufman 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(3):285-299
The most famous and influential diagram in modern (neoclassical) labor economics is the model of wage determination by supply
and demand. Using concepts and ideas from institutional economics, I argue that the theory of a perfectly competitive labor
market is logically contradictory and, hence, the demand/supply diagram cannot exist on the plane of pure theory. Four other
fundamental theorems concerning labor markets are also derived, as are implications about the theoretical foundation of the
field of industrial relations and the economic evaluation of labor and employment policy.
相似文献
Bruce E. KaufmanEmail: |
993.
Fairness considerations often are invoked to explain wage differences that appear unrelated to worker characteristics or job
conditions, but non-experimental tests of fair wage models are rare because market data rarely permit researchers to measure
individual workers’ productivity and its value. We use data from the baseball labor market to address this problem, and find
no support for fair wage theory. We do find, however, that fairness premia can be illusory: Wages appear to incorporate fairness
premia in regressions that control for variation in individuals’ physical output, but such premia evaporate when the value
of that output is held constant.
相似文献
Stephen J. K. WaltersEmail: |
994.
995.
Pantalon MV Maciejewski PK Desai RA Potenza MN 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(1):63-78
Excitement-seeking and related constructs have been associated with heavier gambling and negative health measures in problem
and/or pathological gamblers. Most adults gamble recreationally and an understanding of the relationship between excitement-seeking
as a motivation for gambling amongst subsyndromal gamblers has significant public health implications. Logistic regression
analyses were used to examine a national sample of past-year recreational gamblers (N = 1,476) to identify characteristics distinguishing gamblers acknowledging gambling for excitement (“Excitement-seeking Gamblers”
or EGs) and gamblers denying gambling for excitement (“Non-excitement-seeking Gamblers” or NEGs). EGs were more likely than
NEGs to report alcohol use and abuse/dependence, any substance abuse/dependence, incarceration, large gambling wins and losses,
more frequent and varied gambling, and symptoms of pathological gambling (i.e., at-risk gambling). Together, these findings
indicate that EGs are more likely than NEGs to demonstrate problems in multiple areas characterized by impaired impulse control. 相似文献
996.
Welte JW Barnes GM Tidwell MC Hoffman JH 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(2):119-133
A random telephone survey was conducted with a representative sample of 2,274 U.S. residents aged 14–21. The prevalence of
problem gambling, as measured by the SOGS-RA, was 2.1%. Sixty-eight percent (68%) of the respondents had gambled in the past
year, and 11% had gambled more often than twice per week. Males had much higher gambling involvement than females, and gambling
involvement increased among older respondents. Blacks were less likely than average to have gambled in the past year, but
if they gambled, they were more likely to do so frequently. Low SES respondents were less likely to have gambled in the past
year, but if they gambled, they were more likely to be problem gamblers. Life transitions that are associated with assuming
adult roles (employment, living independently of parents, non-student status) are also associated with greater gambling involvement.
The rates of problem and pathological gambling were lower than those in an adult survey conducted earlier, when measured with
the same questionnaire. 相似文献
997.
Wheeler SA Round DK Sarre R O'Neil M 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(1):1-12
Although there has been much speculation about the possible links between gambling and crime rates, relevant quantitative
evidence has been practically non-existent in Australia to date. This paper reports the results of research that utilised
a model designed to investigate the potential relationship between electronic gaming machine expenditures and property (income-generating)
crime rates reported to police in local areas in South Australia in 2002–2003. The research found that the higher the expenditures
on gaming machines in a particular local area per adult, the higher the income-generating crime rate in that area. No such
relationship was found between gaming machine expenditure and non-income-generating crime rates. However, further research
is required before any policy-relevant conclusions can be drawn. 相似文献
998.
David L. Swartz 《Theory and Society》2008,37(4):409-419
Elite college admissions exemplify processes of social closure in which status-group conflict, organizational self-interest,
the strategic use of cultural ideals of merit, and broader social trends and contingent historical events interweave to shape
institutional power in the United States. The Chosen, Jerome Karabel’s monumental study of the history of college admissions at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton from 1900 to 2005,
offers a political sociology of elite recruitment and a cultural and social history of the definition of merit that has guided
these three schools and shaped much current thinking about college admissions. As Max Weber reminded us, the very definition
of cultural ideals of an epoch bear the stamp of elite group domination: not cultural ideals but cultural interests and their
strategic uses guide institutional power. The book provides an impressive empirical demonstration of that proposition: it
identifies four different definitions of merit as organizational gatekeeping tools that have guided Harvard, Yale, and Princeton
over the last hundred years and shows how these definitions were molded by status-group conflict and organizational interests.
This essay outlines the central arguments of Karabel’s book; it identifies key contributions for our understanding of the
history, culture, organizational interests, and politics of these three institutions; it highlights the social closure framework
guiding the analysis; and it reflects on a fundamental ambiguity in Karabel’s thinking about meritocratic ideals as governing
principles for modern stratified societies.
A review essay on Jerome Karabel, The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admission and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2005,
David L. Swartz is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Boston University. He is the author of Culture & Power: The Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu (University of Chicago Press 1997) and co-editor (with Vera L. Zolberg) of After Bourdieu: Influence, Critique, Elaboration (Kluwer Academic Publishers 2004). He is a Senior Editor and Book Review Editor for Theory and Society. His research interests include the study of elites and stratification, education, culture, religion, and social theory, and he is currently writing a book on the political sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. 相似文献
David L. SwartzEmail: |
David L. Swartz is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Boston University. He is the author of Culture & Power: The Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu (University of Chicago Press 1997) and co-editor (with Vera L. Zolberg) of After Bourdieu: Influence, Critique, Elaboration (Kluwer Academic Publishers 2004). He is a Senior Editor and Book Review Editor for Theory and Society. His research interests include the study of elites and stratification, education, culture, religion, and social theory, and he is currently writing a book on the political sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. 相似文献
999.
Although a central construct for sociologists, the concept of institution continues to elude clear and full specification.
One reason for this lack of clarity is that about 50 years ago empirical researchers in the field of sociology turned their
gaze downward, away from macro-sociological constructs in order to focus their attention on middle-range empirical projects.
It took almost 20 years for the concept of the institution to work its back onto the empirical research agenda of mainstream
sociologists. The new institutional project in organizational sociology led the way. Since then, scholars in this tradition
have achieved a great deal but there is still much more to accomplish. Here, future directions for research are considered
by reviewing how the concept of the institution has come to be treated by mainstream philosophers, sociologists of science
and technology studies, and social network theorists.
John W. Mohr is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received his Ph.D. in sociology at Yale University. He has a longstanding interest in using formal network methods to analyze cultural meaning systems. Along with Roger Friedland, he is the organizer of the Cultural Turn Conference series at UCSB and the co-editor of Matters of Culture (Cambridge University Press 2004). He has published a number of articles on the formal analysis of meaning structures. His current research projects include a study of faculty change agents in higher education and the rise of nano-technology as a scientific project. This material is based [in part] upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 0531184. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Roger Friedland is Professor of Religious Studies and Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He co-authored with Harold Zelmann The Fellowship: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Taliesin Fellowship (2006), with John Mohr Matters of Culture (2004), and authored “Money, Sex and God: The Erotic Logic of Religious Nationalism” (2002). He is currently working on politicized religion as a case of institutional politics and on the relations among religion, sexuality, and love. His latest essay is “Institution, Practice and Ontology: Towards a Religious Sociology” to appear in Ideology and Organizational Institutionalism, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. 相似文献
John W. Mohr (Corresponding author)Email: |
Roger Friedland (Corresponding author)Email: |
John W. Mohr is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received his Ph.D. in sociology at Yale University. He has a longstanding interest in using formal network methods to analyze cultural meaning systems. Along with Roger Friedland, he is the organizer of the Cultural Turn Conference series at UCSB and the co-editor of Matters of Culture (Cambridge University Press 2004). He has published a number of articles on the formal analysis of meaning structures. His current research projects include a study of faculty change agents in higher education and the rise of nano-technology as a scientific project. This material is based [in part] upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 0531184. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Roger Friedland is Professor of Religious Studies and Sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He co-authored with Harold Zelmann The Fellowship: Frank Lloyd Wright and the Taliesin Fellowship (2006), with John Mohr Matters of Culture (2004), and authored “Money, Sex and God: The Erotic Logic of Religious Nationalism” (2002). He is currently working on politicized religion as a case of institutional politics and on the relations among religion, sexuality, and love. His latest essay is “Institution, Practice and Ontology: Towards a Religious Sociology” to appear in Ideology and Organizational Institutionalism, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. 相似文献
1000.
The adult day services (ADS) industry continues to grow and develop in providing care to larger numbers of older adults and their caregivers. Despite the growth in the number of programs and the changes in the way services are delivered, a systematic examination of the development of the ADS industry from a policy perspective has not been published since the mid-1990s. This article provides an analysis of the development of the ADS industry using the resource dependence model within a values-based context to determine whether public reimbursement opportunities are congruent with the needs of older adults and caregivers. Potential directions for the future development of the industry are presented through analysis of the collaborations of adult day providers with the providers of other services for older adults and the effort by public and private funders to connect quality outcomes and resources. 相似文献