教师制度伦理及其功能

教师制度伦理的核心问题是伦理问题,决定了教师制度的建立和改革要经得起伦理的考验,要有充分的伦理依据。教师制度伦理的调节功能、评价功能、激励功能和约束功能,提高着教师的伦理水平,维护着教育的尊严、公正与秩序。     

论大学英语水平统一测试的优越性

我国现行有两套考试系统用以测试大学英语水平:大学英语46、级考试(CET-4/6)用来衡量非英语专业学生的英语水平,而英语专业48、级(TEM-4/8)考试则用来测评英语专业学生的英语水平。依据Bachman和Palmer语言测试原则,为了保证语言测试的有效性,语言测试任务应该与语言应用任务相对应,这种对应是语言测试的出发点和目的。既然如此,对于非母语的中国大学生而言,就没有必要以英语专业或非英语专业的区分用不同的测试来区分他们的英语水平。从这一点出发,完全可以将现行测试非英语专业学生CET-4/6和测试英语专业学生的TEM-4/8合二为一。问卷调查分析也表明,实行全国大学英语统一测试比分成两套考试系统的英语测试更具优越性。     

International guidelines and the inclusion of disabled people. The Ugandan story

Uganda has made much progress towards including disabled people in its mainstream development, particularly in the political agenda. The exact process by which this has been achieved and the relationship between this and international guidelines and legislation are not known. This study undertakes to examine this from two specific perspectives: (1) How do international documents relevant to disabled people relate to national legislation in Uganda? (2) What can this comparison, together with the perceptions of stakeholders, tell us about how the legislation and services could improve? International legislation and Ugandan legislation is reviewed and compared. Data from 5 semi‐structured key informant interviews and 6 focus group discussions involving a total of 38 people are collected and analysed. The themes arising from the data are related to the documents, legislation, policies and other relevant literature. The results examine the barriers to service provision; the role of change; the importance of representation; policy and legislation issues; and the effects of devolution. Five specific findings relate to how legislation and services can improve: more resources to increase access for disabled people; strong leadership and collaboration between Disabled People’s Organisations (DPOs) funding bodies and governments; awareness raising and training; representation from all impairment groups; and raising the profile of disabled people through further legislation.     

火焰原子吸收法测定植物叶片中的微量铅

通过炭化、灰化、混合酸消解和稀硝酸溶解的方法处理样品,利用火焰原子吸收法测定植物叶片中微量铅的含量。待测溶液在0.1～5.0μg.mL-1范围内有很好的线性关系,回归方程为A=0.1053C+0.0071,相关系数为0.9991,检出限为0.006μg.mL-1,特征浓度为0.031μg.mL-1/1%,平均回收率为100.28%。方法适用于测定各种植物叶片中的微量铅含量,可以据此评价环境质量。     

大学主体性的失落与建立现代大学制度

大学主体性的失落是当前大学危机的根源所在,其深层的本质在于学术自由精神的丧失。面对当前大学的危机与困境,学术自由应突破外部的社会限制和内部大学主体自身的限制,应以大学学术自由的理想为指针,结合大学的实际情况,积极构建具有我国特色的现代大学制度。     

MODEL-ASSISTED HIGHER-ORDER CALIBRATION OF ESTIMATORS OF VARIANCE

In survey sampling, interest often centres on inference for the population total using information about an auxiliary variable. The variance of the estimator used plays a key role in such inference. This study develops a new set of higher‐order constraints for the calibration of estimators of variance for various estimators of the population total. The proposed strategy requires an appropriate model for describing the relationship between the response and auxiliary variable, and the variance of the auxiliary variable. It is therefore referred to as a model‐assisted approach. Several new estimators of variance, including the higher‐order calibration estimators of the variance of the ratio and regression estimators suggested by Singh, Horn & Yu and Sitter & Wu are special cases of the proposed technique. The paper presents and discusses the results of an empirical study to compare the performance of the proposed estimators and existing counterparts.     

Banks winners in tournaments are difficult to recognize

Given a tournament T, a Banks winner of T is the top vertex of any maximal (with respect to inclusion) transitive subtournament of T. In this technical note, we show that the problem of deciding whether some fixed vertex v is a Banks winner for T is NP-complete. Received: 22 February 2002/Accepted: 20 June 2002 Supported by the START program Y43-MAT of the Austrian Ministry of Science. I would like to thank two thank the referees for a careful reading of the paper, for helpful remarks, and for many suggestions how to improve the presentation.