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761.
We examine the determination of directors' compensation in UK quoted companies between 1985 and 1994. The primary innovation contained in the paper is the focus on the governance mechanisms that determine pay outcomes. Our results indicate that: (i) directors' compensation is positively related to pre-dated shareholder returns and company size with the quantitative effect of the latter dominating the former. (ii) We find that the pay-for-performance link has become quantitatively stronger over our sample period. (iii) There has been positive adherence to the principles of the Cadbury report, but these variables play little statistical role in shaping the direct compensation of top directors. 相似文献
762.
763.
The Analysis of Verbal Behavior - 相似文献
764.
We introduce a point source model which may be useful for estimating point sources in spatial data. It may also be useful for modelling general spatial data, and providing a simple explanatory model for some data, whilst in other cases it may give a parsimonious representation. The model assumes that there are point sources (or sinks), usually at unknown positions, and that the mean value at a site depends on the distance from these sources. We discuss the general form of the model, and some methods for estimating the sources and the regression parameters. We demonstrate the methodology using a simulation study, and apply the model to two real data sets. Some possibilities for further research are outlined. 相似文献
765.
Rob P. Rechard Martin S. Tierney Larry C. Sanchez Mary-Alena Martell 《Risk analysis》1997,17(1):19-35
This paper examines the possibility of criticality in a nuclear waste repository. The estimated probabilities are rough bounds and do not entirely dismiss the possibility of a critical condition; however, they do point to the difficulty of creating conditions under which a critical mass could be assembled (i.e., corrosion of containers, separation of neutron absorbers from the fissile material, and collapse or precipitation of the fissile material). In addition, should a criticality occur in or near a container, the bounding consequence calculations showed that fissions from one critical event are quite small (<˜1020 fissions, if similar to aqueous and metal accidents and experiments). Furthermore, a reasonable upper bound of total critical events of 1028 fissions corresponds to only 0.1% of the number of fissions represented by the spent nuclear fuel inventory in a repository containing 70,000 metric tons of heavy metal (MTHM) (the expected size for the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada). 相似文献
766.
Hans-Luidger Dienel K. G. Hammerlund Martin Peterson 《Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research》2002,15(4):265-278
A historical overview of European science and technology suggests the existence of two parallel trends: those of nationalization and de-nationalization. Since the Enlightenment, besides the modernist universalist perspective on science we find nationalist pressures pushing the idea of socially constructed technology, thus generating scientific results determined by national (cultural) factors. Nationalization and de-nationalization thrive together in certain circumstances--for instance, in disciplines such as geology, meteorology, botany or even physics and chemistry. The entry into the scene of commercial interests gives rise to national interests, in turn hampering efficiency and progress from the scientific perspective. Through national research policies these differential development patterns have tended to create an often unnecessary conflict between basic and applied research. The EU RTD framework has still to resolve these contradictions. 相似文献
767.
Martin Kukuk 《Statistical Papers》2002,43(3):379-399
Summary
This paper investigates the effects of ordinal regressors in linear regression models and in limited dependent variable models.
Each ordered categorical variable is interpreted as a rough measurement of an underlying continuous variable as it is often
done in microeconometrics for the dependent variable. It is shown that using ordinal indicators only leads to correct answers
in a few special cases. In most situations, the usual estimators are biased. In order to estimate the parameters of the model
consistently, the indirect estimation procedure suggested by Gourieroux et al. (1993) is applied. To demonstrate this method,
first a simulation study is performed and then in a second step, two real data sets are used. In the latter case, continuous
regressors are transformed into categorical variables to study the behavior of the estimation procedure. The method is extended
to the case of limited dependent variable models. In general, the indirect estimators lead to adequate results.
Received: March 27, 2000; revised version: March 6, 2001 相似文献
768.
The community can serve as a resource to help students become more engaged in learning and strengthen connections between schools and community. 相似文献
769.
We examine how mainstream sociology has used race as an explanatory factor by examining papers in the American Sociological Review between 1937 and 1999. We find a dramatic increase in the likelihood that sociologists will take race into account, and we suggest that methodological innovations are largely responsible for creating an environment in which it is taken for granted that analysts in many fields will control for race. This pattern of usage may reinforce an implicit conception of racial differences that we call broad but shallow, in that race is expected to matter almost everywhere, but its effect can be neutralized by the addition of a control. 相似文献
770.
Binge drinking and alcohol-related problems among community college students: implications for prevention policy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sheffield FD Darkes J Del Boca FK Goldman MS 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2005,54(3):137-141
Binge drinking and alcohol-related problems among students at traditional 4-year universities have been well documented. However, little is known about the frequency of their such behaviors and its consequences among community college students, who comprise roughly 44% of all undergraduate students in the United States. The present study examined binge drinking and alcohol-related problems in 762 (61% female) ethnically diverse (65% Caucasian, 20% Hispanic, 9% African American) community college students (mean age = 26.23, SD = 7.81). Based on gender-specific criteria, 25% engaged in binge drinking. As compared to nonbingers and current abstainers, bingers had higher rates of drinking-related problems. The implications of these findings for research and for prevention/intervention programs are discussed. 相似文献