The corporate energy policy: A management planning perspective

The energy problems facing the world have been receiving increasing attention in the press and in business journals. This article examines the attitudes of 224 U.S. business executives toward the energy crisis and examines the role of a corporate energy policy in minimizing the economic impact of future energy price increases and/or shortages. A plan for a corporate energy policy is proposed.     

Reducing Refusal Rates for Telephone Interviews

In two experiments, refusal rates to telephone interviews werenot affected by substantial changes in the introductory remarksof the interviewer. A prior letter significantly lowered refusalrates in a third experiment. In all three, interviewer sex hadno effect.     

A NOTE ON A MULTIVARIATE GENERALIZATION OF THE KRUSKAL-WALLIS TEST

Marketers are often interested in testing whether the mean vectors of multivariate distributions are equal. The test usually applied, one-way MANOVA, assumes the distributions are multinormal. Unfortunately, this assumption is not supported in many studies. As an alternative, a nonparametric multivariate one-way analysis of variance procedure is presented.     

THE BIAS OF COST CONTROL CHARTS TOWARD TYPE II ERRORS

Application of control charts has significantly improved process control by explicitly recognizing uncontrollable variation in the process. A dangerous misapplication of the technique involves the use of control charts with data produced by accounting systems. This paper points out the weaknesses inherent in using aggregated accounting data for inferences about cost control.     

ALTERNATIVES TO EXPECTANCY THEORIES OF WORK MOTIVATION

A number of criticisms of expectancy theory as an explanation of work effort have been raised in recent months. These criticisms are basic enough and based on sound enough evidence to warrant consideration of possible alternate frameworks for the study of work effort. Promising alternatives are: (1) Detuned Cognitive Models; (2) Acognitive Models; and (3) Combined Cognitive and Acognitive Models.     

Was there compression of disability for older Americans from 1992 to 2003?

Medical advances and the growth of the elderly population have focused interest on trends in the health of the elderly. Three theories have been advanced to describe these trends: compression of morbidity, expansion of morbidity, and dynamic equilibrium. We applied multistate life table methods to the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey to estimate active and disabled life expectancy from 1992 to 2003, defining disability as having difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living or activities of daily living. We found increases in active life expectancy past age 65 and decreases in life expectancy with severe disability. These trends are consistent with elements of both the theory of compression of morbidity and the theory of dynamic equilibrium.     

Using age and spatial flow structures in the indirect estimation of migration streams

This article outlines a formal model-based approach for inferring interregional age-specific migration streams in settings where such data are incomplete, inadequate, or unavailable. The estimation approach relies heavily on log-linear models, using them to impose some of the regularities exhibited by past age and spatial structures or to combine and borrow information drawn from other sources. The approach is illustrated using data from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. and Mexico censuses.