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971.
Fairness considerations often are invoked to explain wage differences that appear unrelated to worker characteristics or job
conditions, but non-experimental tests of fair wage models are rare because market data rarely permit researchers to measure
individual workers’ productivity and its value. We use data from the baseball labor market to address this problem, and find
no support for fair wage theory. We do find, however, that fairness premia can be illusory: Wages appear to incorporate fairness
premia in regressions that control for variation in individuals’ physical output, but such premia evaporate when the value
of that output is held constant.
相似文献
Stephen J. K. WaltersEmail: |
972.
ABSTRACT The distribution of the cross-correlations of squared residuals from Box-Jenkins models is considered in very general conditions, and the asymptotic distribution is derived. A test for a lagged relationship in volatility for economic time series under instantaneous causality is proposed, and its empirical behaviour is studied. An example involving the international stock market's volatility is studied, and an interesting result is observed. 相似文献
973.
M. Pithuncharurnlap K.E. Basford W.T. Federer 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》1993,35(3):263-270
In field experiments involving a large number of experimental plots, a neighbour analysis can be used to control environmental variation by estimating the trend within blocks. The effect of interplot competition is another important source of variation which has an influence on the estimation of treatment contrasts. To reduce the effect of the variation from these sources and to improve the precision of comparison between treatments, a spatial model is proposed for incorporating both trend effect and interplot competition. It is a modification to the residual maximum likelihood neighbour analysis of Gleeson & Cullis (1987) using the two neighbouring treatment effects to estimate interplot competition. A real example is used to illustrate this methodology. The results indicate that the extended model gives no appreciable difference in standard error of mean differences compared with the model taking into account the trend effect only. However, the rankings of estimated treatment means do differ. More research using both real and simulated data is required before such models that incorporate trend and competition effects can be confidently recommended. 相似文献
974.
975.
Brener Nancy D.; Eaton Danice K.; Kann Laura; Grunbaum Jo Anne; Gross Lori A.; Kyle Tonja M.; Ross James G. 《Public opinion quarterly》2006,70(3):354-374
This study examined whether the prevalence of self-reportedhealth risk behaviors among high school students varied by surveysetting (school versus home) and mode of administration (paperand pencil versus computer). Students in grades 9 and 11 wereassigned randomly to one of four conditionsschool paper-and-pencilinstrument (PAPI), school computer-assisted self-interview (CASI),home PAPI, and home CASI. During the spring of 2004, 4,506 studentscompleted identically worded questionnaires based on the YouthRisk Behavior Survey questionnaire. Logistic regression analysescontrolling for sex, grade, and race/ethnicity revealed thatsetting was associated significantly with the reporting of 30of the 55 risk behaviors examined, and mode was associated significantlywith the reporting of 7 of the 55 behaviors. For all behaviorswith a significant setting main effect, the odds of reportingthe behavior were greater among students who completed questionnairesat school than among students who completed questionnaires athome. For all behaviors with a significant mode main effect,PAPI mode students had lower odds of reporting the behaviorthan CASI mode students. Because social measurement researchassumes that higher prevalence estimates are more valid thanlower estimates, methodological factors shown to increase estimates,such as setting and mode, should be considered when planningsurveys. 相似文献
976.
William K. Jaeger 《Social science quarterly》2004,85(2):361-379
Objectives. This article examines how social status rewards can affect social welfare outcomes in the presence of positive and negative externalities. Method. A rational choice approach is used to characterize how individuals respond to incentives to seek high status (and avoid stigma) given existing preferences, technology, and the sources of status defined within a given reference group. Results. In the presence of market failures, the analysis identifies several kinds of status‐related interventions that encourage acts with positive externalities or discourage those with negative externalities, with results that contribute to social well‐being generally. Conclusions. The analysis characterizes ways that formal and informal social mechanisms can make these incentives more effective, and finds abundant evidence that interventions of this kind are widely observed in society today. 相似文献
977.
In the study reported here, reasons for working off the farm and reasons for not working off the farm are examined as a function of gender and socioeconomic characteristics. Women are significantly less likely than men to work off the farm to supplement farm income, and significantly more likely to work off the farm for personal reasons. A logistic regression analysis finds that men, those employed fulltime off the farm, and those with lower household incomes are most likely to cite economic reasons for working off the farm. Men are nearly twice as likely as women to cite time constraints as the primary reason for not working off the farm, while only women cite family responsibilities. Logistic regression reveals that men, those with higher household incomes, and those with livestock operations are most likely to cite lack of time as the primary reason for not working off the farm.Patricia J. Wozniak is Associate Professor in the Department of Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. Her research interests include family life and family economics, as well as the application of statistics to the social sciences. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee.Kathleen K. Scholl is Senior Coordinator of the Economics Team of the Public Policy Institute at the American Association of Retired Persons, 1909 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20049. She received her Ph.D. from Purdue University. 相似文献
978.
979.
Patient violence. Report of 200 incidents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Studies of assaultive behavior in hospital settings are increasing. Results are often contradictory. These variances are dependent upon the type of hospital, the specific setting, and the disciplines involved in the reporting process. Open recognition that violent incidents occur, and the substitution of fact finding for finger pointing, are the first steps toward prevention and management. 相似文献
980.