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621.
622.
Jo M.A. Hermanns Jessica J. Asscher Bonne J.H. Zijlstra Peter J. Hoffenaar Maja Dekovič 《Children and youth services review》2013
Background
The intervention Home-Start is a wide spread program in a number of countries, among which the Netherlands. In Home-Start, trained volunteers visit families with young children in need of support once or twice a week to help them to deal with problems in family life and parenting. Little is known, however, about the effects of Home-Start. This study describes short-term and long term changes in families that participated in Home-Start.Methods
Three groups of families with young children (at the start mean age 1 1/2 years) were followed over a period of four years. One of the groups of families participated in the Home-Start family support program in the first 6.6 months of this period. The two other groups were (1) a randomly selected community sample and (2) a group of families with elevated parenting stress and a need for support. Data were collected at the beginning of the study, (after median 1.4 months), directly after the intervention (median 6.6 months) and at two follow-up occasions (respectively, median 12.5 and 49.2 months after the first measurement). At the last measurement, data were available for 33, 45 and 34 families respectively.Results
Multilevel analysis showed more positive changes in parental wellbeing, competence and behavior (more consistent behavior and less rejection) during the intervention period in the Home-Start group than in the two other groups. At the three year follow up, the Home-Start group showed, compared to the other groups, more improvements in parenting (more responsiveness), but also diminished child externalizing and internalizing behavior problems (less oppositional defiant behavior, affective problems and anxiety problems).Conclusions
Home-Start seems a promising family support intervention that deserves to be studied more extensively. 相似文献623.
Ross J. Clarke Elizabeth A. Clarke Dominique Roe-Sepowitz Richard Fey 《Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment》2013,23(3):270-289
This study seeks to explore factors related to age at entry into prostitution. Participants were 389 women arrested for prostitution who had attended a diversion program. Women who entered prostitution as minors were found to be more likely to be African-American; report having a family member with a substance use problem; have a history of attempted suicide; and not have completed middle or high school. The age at first drug use was found to significantly impact the reported age at entry. Key areas for intervention should include improving school connectedness and preventing adolescent substance abuse, specifically for African-Americans. 相似文献
624.
Jo Coles 《Children & Society》2006,20(3):239-240
625.
626.
Brenton R. Clarke Daniel D. Schubert 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2006,48(3):353-371
This article describes an algorithm for the identification of outliers in multivariate data based on the asymptotic theory for location estimation as described typically for the trimmed likelihood estimator and in particular for the minimum covariance determinant estimator. The strategy is to choose a subset of the data which minimizes an appropriate measure of the asymptotic variance of the multivariate location estimator. Observations not belonging to this subset are considered potential outliers which should be trimmed. For α less than about 0.5, the correct trimming proportion is taken to be that α > 0 for which the minimum of any minima of this measure of the asymptotic variance occurs. If no minima occur for an α > 0 then the data set will be considered outlier free. 相似文献
627.
628.
P. E. Allsopp Stephen R. Clarke 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》2004,167(4):657-667
Summary. Multiple linear regression techniques are applied to determine the relative batting and bowling strengths and a common home advantage for teams playing both innings of international one-day cricket and the first innings of a test-match. It is established that in both forms of the game Australia and South Africa were rated substantially above the other teams. It is also shown that home teams generally enjoyed a significant advantage. Using the relative batting and bowling strengths of teams, together with parameters that are associated with common home advantage, winning the toss and the establishment of a first-innings lead, multinomial logistic regression techniques are applied to explore further how these factors critically affect outcomes of test-matches. It is established that in test cricket a team's first-innings batting and bowling strength, first-innings lead, batting order and home advantage are strong predictors of a winning match outcome. Contrary to popular opinion, it is found that the team batting second in a test enjoys a significant advantage. Notably, the relative superiority of teams during the fourth innings of a test-match, but not the third innings, is a strong predictor of a winning outcome. There is no evidence to suggest that teams generally gained a winning advantage as a result of winning the toss. 相似文献
629.
An overview of the parenting skills and strategies utilized by foster carers looking after adolescents was given in an earlier paper. This paper focuses specifically on the relationship between the behaviour of fostered adolescents and the quality of parenting provided by the carer. In particular, the paper considers the consequences of situations in which fostered young people have a detrimental impact on other children within the foster family, as this was an especially difficult situation for foster carers to manage. Similarly, foster carers appeared to find it difficult to maintain good parenting skills with young people who were at risk due to their own sexual behaviour although, conversely, caring for a young person whose sexual behaviour put others at risk was connected with improved parenting. The quality of parenting provided by the foster carers was also influenced by the level of stress they were experiencing, with increased levels of stress leading to poorer parenting of the fostered adolescent. 相似文献
630.
This paper is about how rural landscape is experienced according to combinations of practical engagements with land and the ways meaning is made in relation to it. It presents the case of the ambiguous position of the Orkney Islands within categorisations of Highland and Lowland landscapes in Scotland. Through a discussion of the physical and highly visible boundary between heather and grass in Orkney farms, the paper unpacks notions of what landscape means and how it fits with socio-economic processes of continuity and change. It uses the history of hill reclamation in 20th century farming to explore how economic, moral and aesthetic judgements are made about land. Current engagements with hill land are then examined, showing how a fragmentation of hill into different uses and meanings is taking place. Amongst these are agri-environment schemes which revalue the hill. The paper ends with a discussion of hill land and farm land in Orkney in relation to the wider construction of Highland and Lowland. In Orkney opportunities to construct new ‘Highland’ identities and forms of rural development now exist. 相似文献