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21.
Since 1996, when bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was assessed as a possible human transmissible disease, a variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), French people have entered into a long period of fear and avoidance of beef and bovine byproducts, which produced an unprecedented collapse in the beef market. This article deals with the perceived risk of the "mad cow disease" (MCD) in the French general population. Two surveys were conducted on a representative sample of the adult population, the first one in 2000 during the peak of the crisis and the second one 13 months later in a quieter period. The main assumption we made was that changes in beef consumption are strongly related to the perceived risk of MCD, which we defined as people's cognitive and affective responses to hazard. Our objective was to identify the determinants and consequences of this perceived risk and to compare them in different sociopolitical contexts. The results issued from a bivariate and multivariate analysis show that: (i) the distribution of most of the variables significantly related to the perceived risk identified in the first survey had changed in the second survey, in relation with the reduction of worry and the resumption of national beef consumption; (ii) the propensity for self-protection through avoiding or ceasing beef eating was more related to feelings of worry than to subjective vCJD risk assessments; and (iii) the main determinant of less avoidance to beef products was the preference for beef, a feeling identified prior to emergence of the risk of MCD, remaining unchanged in various contexts. 相似文献
22.
Jocelyn Elise Crowley 《Journal of women & aging》2019,31(1):49-72
Recent research suggests that one out of every four divorces in the United States is now “gray,” meaning that at least one half of the couple has reached the age of 50 when the marriage breaks down. To understand why this age group—the Baby Boomer generation—is splitting up, this study conducted 40 in-depth, semistructured interviews with men and 40 with women who have experienced a gray divorce in their lifetimes. Respondents’ beliefs in an expressive individualistic model of marriage, where partnerships are only valuable if they help individuals achieve personal growth, were compared against their potential adherence to what I call a commitment-based model of marriage, where binding, romantic love holds couples together unless there is severe relationship strain. The results demonstrated that the commitment-based model most strongly governs marriage and the decision to divorce among Baby Boomers for both sexes, although some specific reasons for divorce differ for men and women. 相似文献
23.
Shaw L Jacobs K Rudman D Magalhaes L Huot S Prodinger B Mandich A Hocking C Akande V Backman C Bossers A Bragg M Bryson M Cowls J Stone SD Dawe E Dennhardt S Dennis D Foster J Friesen M Galheigo S Gichuri J Hughes I Isaac A Jarus T Kinsella A Klinger L Leyshon R Lysaght R McKay E Orchard T Phelan S Ravenek M Rebeiro Gruhl K Robb L Stadnyk R Sumsion T Suto M 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2012,41(4):369-377
24.
Whether or not mothers, who often struggle with balancing work and parenting responsibilities, perceive that they face career harm in exchange for control over flexible work options at their jobs is an unanswered question. Using 2009 original data from a random‐digit‐dial telephone survey of 441 mothers located across the United States, this study focuses on how control over two latent variables measuring flexibility, flexible work arrangements (such as scheduling and place of work) and time‐off options, influences mothers' career harm perceptions in a total of three work domains: (1) wages/earnings, (2) raises or promotions, and (3) job evaluations. We find perceptions of career harm among only one‐fifth of mothers; in addition, control over time‐off options reduced perceived career damage related to parenting duties. Mothers may have less to fear than previously hypothesized about the potential sacrifices they have to make when they have significant control over certain flexibility options. 相似文献
25.
Jocelyn Pixley 《Theory and Society》2009,38(4):383-400
This article explores how Anglo-American financial firms since the 1980s have operated and acted in an increasingly deregulated,
risky, and uncertain arena. I look at these firms and their actions with a particular focus on “temporality” and requisite
“emotion-rules,” where variations in emotion-rules correspond with organizational definitions of uncertainty. Firms impose specific emotion-rules, depending on national policies, official duties, and interpretations of each risk.
In finance, caveat emptor (i.e., buyer or lender distrust) is an emotion-rule set in screening policies and data collection for credit risks and risks
of fraud by personnel, and it gives rise to actual emotions. I argue that three time-orientations are significant in creating
emotion-rules. If a past, present, or a long-term future is deployed to construct a future, that creates and frames an institution’s
attempts to manage uncertainty. Looking exclusively at Anglo-American corporate finance policies and strategies (often deemed
the international “one best way”), six modes of certainty constructions are presented. Each is assessed against the dispositions
and emotional strategies required in highly-skilled careers, in specific organizational settings. The relative influence of
individual perspectives, institutional rules and general typologies of social action is assessed and found to comprise one
past view, three present views, and one future-oriented perspective towards the future. Implications are outlined for emotion-rules
relevant to financial careers and office.
This article was written before the full financial crisis unfolded, which the argument here substantially foreshadows.
Dr. Jocelyn Pixley is Honorary Professorial Research Fellow at London Metropolitan University. Her publications include Citizenship & Employment (1993, Cambridge University Press), The Double Life of the Family (1997, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, with M. Bittman) and Emotions in Finance: Distrust and Uncertainty in Global Markets (2004, Cambridge University Press). Her current research compares financial centers in their political, cultural, and organizational understandings of uncertainty, such as Frankfurt and Paris with Wall Street, Sydney, and London; different populations’ attitudes towards financial deals; and utopianism and forms of social inclusion and exclusion in the contemporary financial era. 相似文献
Jocelyn PixleyEmail: URL: http://www.global-policy.com/ |
Dr. Jocelyn Pixley is Honorary Professorial Research Fellow at London Metropolitan University. Her publications include Citizenship & Employment (1993, Cambridge University Press), The Double Life of the Family (1997, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, with M. Bittman) and Emotions in Finance: Distrust and Uncertainty in Global Markets (2004, Cambridge University Press). Her current research compares financial centers in their political, cultural, and organizational understandings of uncertainty, such as Frankfurt and Paris with Wall Street, Sydney, and London; different populations’ attitudes towards financial deals; and utopianism and forms of social inclusion and exclusion in the contemporary financial era. 相似文献
26.
Neuroimaging research has brought major advances to child health and wellbeing. However, because of the vulnerabilities associated with neurological and developmental conditions, the parental need for hope, and the expectation of parents that new medical advances can benefit their child, pediatric neuroimaging research presents significant challenges to the general problem of consent in the context of research involving children. A particular challenge in this domain is created by the presence of therapeutic misconception on the part of parents and other key research stakeholders. This article revierws the concept of therapeutic misconception and its role in pediatric neuroimaging research. It argues that this misconception can compromise consent given by parents for the involvement of their children in research as healthy controls or as persons with neurological and developmental conditions. The article further contends that therapeutic misconception can undermine the research ethics review process for proposed and ongoing neuroimaging studies. Against this backdrop, the article concludes with recommendations for mitigating the effects of therapeutic misconception in pediatric neuroimaging research. 相似文献
27.
In this article, we critically examine the arguments for and against the exceptional status given human pluripotent stem cell research in Canada (through the latest [December 2010] revision of the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans), and conclude that this exceptionalism is unwarranted and ethically unsound. In our view, the three federal research granting agencies should honor their longstanding commitment that researchers, research sponsors, and Research Ethics Boards in Canada have access to "a single reference document for all research involving humans conducted under the auspices of institutions eligible for Agency funding." As well, responsibility for the development, interpretation, and implementation of Canada's research ethics guidelines should be under the authority of a single oversight body that is independent of the federal research granting Agencies. 相似文献
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Over the past few years, first line managers in child care have faced mounting pressure on their time from both the national performance management agenda and the professional demands associated with the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families and Working Together to Safeguard Children: A Guide to Inter‐Agency Working to Safeguard and Promote the Welfare of Children. This paper briefly discusses the policy context surrounding this period of unprecedented change and focuses on the potential erosion of the reflective space in supervision as first line managers struggle to cope with the ever‐increasing expectations. An argument is made for the creative use of multi‐agency action learning/ research projects within the workplace to supplement individual supervision and promote reflective multi‐agency child care practice; some examples of successful projects are given. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献