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71.
Romzek Barbara S.; Johnston Jocelyn M. 《Jnl. of Public Admin. Research and Theory》2002,12(3):423-453
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A recent paper by Otis Gilley and Gordon Karels showed that Giffen behavior can result from a rationing constraint which provides a second, lower bound to consumption. This model provides a far wider set of possibilities for uncovering Giffen behavior empirically than simply among the poor with limited consumption choices among a few staple items. Giffen behavior of this type can equally well result from the interaction of two binding upper constraints to the consumer's choice set. This is demonstrated with a consumer who experiences local satiation, the antithesis of the usual setting where Giffen goods are thought possible. 相似文献
74.
Abstract The changing relationship between work and poverty in non-metropolitan (nonmetro) America is documented using data from the 1980 and 1990 March supplements of the Current Population Survey. Specifically, this paper assesses changing differentials in the proportion of poor people who are working; documents the rapid rise in poverty among nonmetro and metropolitan (metro) workers during the 1979—1989 period, especially among young adults and females; and provides evidence of growing inequality between metro and nonmetro workers, a pattern that cannot be explained by differences in work attachment, human capital, or job characteristics. The results imply that poverty is a persistent if not increasingly harsh reality for workers in rural America. 相似文献
75.
Designed soils are used in specialized urban areas, such as under sidewalks or on roof-tops. These substrates have coarse
light-weight aggregates to meet load-bearing specifications with soil in voids for rooting medium. A full-factorial microcosm
approach was used to study Lumbricus terrrestris (two adult worms added and no-worms added), compaction (bulk density of 1.95 and 1.48 g cm−3), and litter (litter and no-litter additions) in a designed soil. Earthworm biomass, soil physical, chemical, and biological
properties, anion leaching and surface C efflux was measured on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 72, 112, and 140. Earthworms decreased
bulk density in compacted soil, but did not impact density of un-compacted soil. Earthworm biomass increased days 7 to 14,
but declined from days 28 to 140, likely as result of the abrasiveness of the aggregate component and relatively shallow depth
of the soil (25 cm). During the period of increasing earthworm biomass, surface C efflux, microbial biomass N, soil Ca2+ and NH4+ increased with earthworms. During the period of declining earthworm biomass, surface C efflux, microbial biomass N, soil
Ca2+ and NO3−, and leachate NO3− increased, and soil pH decreased with earthworms. While alive and dying, Lumbricus terrestris stimulated microbial activity and biomass and nutrient availability, but an apparent shift to nitrification was observed
as earthworm biomass declined. The results show Lumbricus terrestris to improve designed soil properties for plants, but the improvements may be short-lived due to the inability of these earthworms
to survive in the designed soil. 相似文献
76.
Denis F. Johnston 《Social indicators research》1988,20(5):473-496
Any attempt to construct an overall measure of the quality-of-life (“QOL”) of a community, population group, or larger society must inevitably confront the critical obstacle posed by the absence of a common numéraire. The diverse elements that significantly affect the “QOL” of individuals and social groups are each subject, at least in principle, to some form of measurement, but no satisfactory method has yet been devised whereby these different measurements could be reduced to a single metric.The construct that is developed in this paper cannot claim to have overcome this fundamental problem; nor does it settle the equally basic difficulties relating to what specific indicators to include in the composite construct, and how to weigh their individual values. However, it illustrates one possible approach toward the development of a summary index value that provides some insight into both direction (“favorable” or “unfavorable”) and magnitude of observed year-to-year changes in a selected number of fairly representative socioeconomic indicators for which measures were available for the United States annually from 1969 to the present. The information provided by this index lacks explanatory power, but examination of the components of the observed changes in the index does yield some useful insight into the relative contribution of changes in different “areas of concern” to the overall changes observed in the “QOL” in the United States during the 1969–1985 period. 相似文献
77.
Richard Harris Ron Johnston Simon Burgess 《Population research and policy review》2007,26(5-6):553-579
Geodemographics as the “analysis of people by where they live” has origins in urban sociology and social mapping, and is experiencing a renaissance in applied spatial demography. However, some commentators have expressed reservations about the statistical limitations of common geodemographic practices, especially focusing on the potential internal heterogeneity of the geodemographic groupings, as well as the problem of clearly identifying predictor variables that might account for or explain the socioeconomic patterns revealed by geodemographic analyses. In this paper we argue that geodemographic typologies are structured methods for making sense of the spatial and socioeconomic patterns encoded within complex datasets such as national census data. By treating geodemographics as more a framework than a tool for analysis in its own right we are able to integrate it with the flexibility and statistical conventions offered by multilevel modeling. We demonstrate this with a case study of whether pupils from different types of neighborhood in Birmingham, England are more or less likely to attend their nearest state-funded secondary school and how that likelihood varies with the ethnic composition of the neighborhood. In so doing we build on previous research suggesting that ethnic segregation between schools is at least equal to that between neighborhoods in England and speculate in this regard on the consequences of current government plans to extend choice to parents within a schools market. 相似文献
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Yanelia Yabar Lucy Johnston Lynden Miles Victoria Peace 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2006,30(3):97-113
Two experiments investigated the impact of group membership on non-conscious behavioral mimicry. Female participants viewed videotapes of female confederates who rubbed their faces whilst describing a picture. The extent to which the participant mimicked this face rubbing behavior was assessed from video footage taken using a hidden video-camera. Experiment 1 showed greater mimicry of a member of an in-group than of a member of an out-group. Experiment 2 showed both explicit and implicit liking of a target group to predict the extent of mimicry of a member of that group. There was a positive relationship between implicit liking and mimicry but a negative relationship between explicit liking and mimicry. Results are discussed in terms of processes underlying mimicry.
相似文献
Lucy JohnstonEmail: |