Quadratic estimators of covariance components in a multivariate mixed linear model

It is known that the Henderson Method III (Biometrics 9:226–252, 1953) is of special interest for the mixed linear models because the estimators of the variance components are unaffected by the parameters of the fixed factor (or factors). This article deals with generalizations and minor extensions of the results obtained for the univariate linear models. A MANOVA mixed model is presented in a convenient form and the covariance components estimators are given on finite dimensional linear spaces. The results use both the usual parametric representations and the coordinate-free approach of Kruskal (Ann Math Statist 39:70–75, 1968) and Eaton (Ann Math Statist 41:528–538, 1970). The normal equations are generalized and it is given a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of quadratic unbiased estimators for covariance components in the considered model.     

Wer das Stabilisieren vergisst: Warum eine schöne Abschlusspräsentation noch kein gutes Ende bedeutet

Many organizational change projects fail — despite a well thought out concept, professional project management and a binding implementation timetable. The reason why the expected success doesn’t materialize often lies with the missing maintenance. Once the project is officially completed and the client and project manager withdraw, the manner in which the organization will take up these changes is seldom systematically dealt with. Difficulties often arise when no discrete stabilizing measures are planned. We have derived four central action areas which will be clarified by way of practical examples. It will also be shown what is important to pay attention to in the stabilization phase so that a lasting success of the organizational change project can be ensured.     

Consumption and Saving Behavior of Older and Younger Baby Boomers in Korea

The 1998 Korean Survey of Family Income and Expenditures was used to examine the overall consumption and saving behavior of Korean baby boomers and compared the differences in consumption and saving behavior between older and younger boomers. The t -test results indicated that the younger boomers allocated a significantly higher percentage of their expenditures on food away from home, household appliances, transportation and communication than did the older boomers, whereas the older boomers spent higher amounts and allocated larger budget shares on their children's education than did the younger boomers. The results of Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) regression analysis showed that, holding other factors constant, older boomers not only spent significantly more in the total consumption expenditures and education expenditures, but older boomers also saved significantly less than did younger boomers.     

Privatization of refuse removal and labor costs

We examine the labor-cost savings associated with privatization by comparing earnings and employment trends of public and private sector refuse workers. Findings suggest that high union earnings for workers in the public sector are a source of labor-cost savings in the refuse industry. Evidence on job changers does not indicate that earnings for this group of workers are a compensating differential. Metropolitan area employment findings suggest that municipalities are less likely to use union refuse workers in the public sector when a relatively small percentage of area residents belong to a union. The authors thank Jacqueline Agesa, Keith Bender, Maria Crawford, and Richard Perlman for valuable suggestions. Research assistance from Eric Blackburn is greatly appreciated.     

努力建设社会主义政治文明

发展社会主义民主政治 ,建设社会主义政治文明 ,是全面建设小康社会的重要目标。坚持党的领导、人民民主、依法治国 ,是具有中国特色社会主义政治文明的三大支点和三大基本特征。社会主义政治文明建设的现实取向主要是推进党的建设、发展人民民主、落实依法治国、加强制度创新。     

Deposit Insurance,Institutions, and Bank Interest Rates

Many recent institutional reforms of the financial system have relied on the introduction of an explicit scheme of deposit insurance. This instrument aims at two main targets, contributing to systemic stability and protecting depositors. However, it may also affect the interest rate spread in the banking system, which can be viewed as an indicator of either inefficiency or market power in this financial segment. This paper provides an empirical investigation of the effect of deposit insurance and other institutional and economic variables on bank interest rates across countries. We find that deposit insurance increases the lending–deposit spread in banking. The main effect seems to arise not from the deposit side though, but from an increase in the lending rate. We interpret this result as evidence of the presence of moral hazard problems related to this instrument. We also find that higher quality of institutions is associated with lower spreads, thus contributing to eroding sources of market power in the banking sector.     

三国两晋南北朝时期的西南少数民族刑法

三国时,随着蜀汉政权的政治重心向西南地区靠近,国家刑法更有了实践的条件与基础。两晋南北朝时期,虽政权屡经更替,国家刑法仍然通过地方行政官员及西南少数民族地区的大姓而得以直接或者变通地实施。而当地的刑事习惯法,有的则已开始受其原始宗教或外来宗教的影响,形成这一阶段西南少数民族刑事法律的特色。     

打造和平女神文化品牌让昭君文化走向世界

昭君文化是三峡地区品位很高的文化资源,其文化内涵丰富,精神影响广泛而深远,值得大力弘扬和进行开发.文章诠释了昭君文化生成的原因,分析了当前深入研究昭君文化的时代背景,指出了昭君文化开发重大的现实意义,认为,开发利用昭君文化是弘扬中华民族优秀文化和促进民族团结及世界和平与发展的需要;开发利用昭君文化,应在境界上予以提升,将昭君作为东方人类的和平女神与西方世界的自由女神呼应和对话,把昭君和平文化品牌推向世界;在开发上应有大手笔的规划,并与旅游产业紧密结合.