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231.
A model linking macroeconomic equilibrium and income distribution in balanced growth equilibria is developed as a variant to the Kaldor model of factor shares. It departs from the original Kaldor model in assuming equal saving rates and a neoclassical production function. Macroeconomic equilibrium (national savings equal to investment) combines with competitive microeconomic behavior to determine the real wage and real interest rate. An increase in the ratio of national debt to labor reduces the real wage, explaining recent declines. 相似文献
232.
Alberto?BertoniEmail author Giorgio?Bertinetti Chiara?Cesari 《Transition Studies Review》2005,12(1):36-43
Dynamics of equity risk premium is not directly measurable on the market. Numerous studies and empirical research analyse its volatility also considering the time span, concluding that the dynamics of equity risk premium over time is inversely proportional to the economic cycle. This study analyses the passive role that, implicitly, would place institutional investors in such a context. In reality, savings management is delegated to a small number of professional operators (institutional investors), as opposed to pure theoretical models in which every person can act directly on the market thus ensuring unlimited price elasticity. Institutional investors should be rational and completely informed so that they can assume an anticyclical position on the market. Thus, supply and demand should quickly smooth over emerging price pressures and avoid price bubbles. We analyse one possible explanation for this situation not to occur, namely, that professionals suffer from operational limits that prevent them from doing their job in the best possible way. Using empirical evidence from the Italian Stock Exchange (Comit Index), we conclude that three factors reduce the freedom of institutional investors to manage their portfolios – the market target size, the fund structure, and the benchmarking – and discuss some implications for each of them. 相似文献
233.
Edward?SandoyanEmail author Arzik?Suvaryan Davit?Sahakyan 《Transition Studies Review》2005,12(2):222-230
Taking into consideration the importance of having a strong banking system, the issue of bank performance evaluation and analysis
becomes essential for the bank regulation process in the countries with an emerging economy. For banking performance evaluation
and analysis various methods are used in international practice. These methods have many disadvantages and are unusable for
the banking systems in the countries with transition economy. In this article a new and complex system of analysis and evaluation
of bank performance is described. This is a multidimensional system of bank performance indicators. This system enables to
analyze bank performance through integrated indicators, viewing them in corresponding surfaces. Implementation of this system
will allow to efficiently analyze bank performance by different directions, to reveal existing problems in the bank, to make
corresponding regulation decisions for each bank, and to and group banks according to different criteria. 相似文献
234.
Being aware that brain drain is perceived as a menace for national economies in the region of Southeast Europe, this paper
will closely address the possible beneficial aspects of highly skilled migration and ways to achieve regional sustainability
utilising this kind of migratory movement. In this sense, the appearence of a scientific diaspora and other knowledge networks
would be stressed not just as a crucial result of their migration but also as a potential method of deriving benefits that
can ensure development and consolidation of a meritocratic society. The process would be elaborated in the context of the
regional integration with the European Union and accepting inherent standards, but also in the context of the wider social
reforms which contain a transition process as whole. The paper will try to argue that civil societies in the region have the
capacity to utilise accumulated human capital in the networks to a more significant extent. 相似文献
235.
G?tz Uebe Norman Fickel Karsten Webel Rainer Schlittgen Joachim Merz 《Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv》2005,89(3):355-363
Literatur / Books
Buchbesprechungen / Book reviews 相似文献236.
Principal components are a well established tool in dimension reduction. The extension to principal curves allows for general
smooth curves which pass through the middle of a multidimensional data cloud. In this paper local principal curves are introduced,
which are based on the localization of principal component analysis. The proposed algorithm is able to identify closed curves
as well as multiple curves which may or may not be connected. For the evaluation of the performance of principal curves as
tool for data reduction a measure of coverage is suggested. By use of simulated and real data sets the approach is compared
to various alternative concepts of principal curves. 相似文献
237.
We consider the calculation of power functions in classical multivariate analysis. In this context, power can be expressed
in terms of tail probabilities of certain noncentral distributions. The necessary noncentral distribution theory was developed
between the 1940s and 1970s by a number of authors. However, tractable methods for calculating the relevant probabilities
have been lacking. In this paper we present simple yet extremely accurate saddlepoint approximations to power functions associated
with the following classical test statistics: the likelihood ratio statistic for testing the general linear hypothesis in
MANOVA; the likelihood ratio statistic for testing block independence; and Bartlett's modified likelihood ratio statistic
for testing equality of covariance matrices. 相似文献
238.
In this paper, we introduce non-centered and partially non-centered MCMC algorithms for stochastic epidemic models. Centered
algorithms previously considered in the literature perform adequately well for small data sets. However, due to the high dependence
inherent in the models between the missing data and the parameters, the performance of the centered algorithms gets appreciably
worse when larger data sets are considered. Therefore non-centered and partially non-centered algorithms are introduced and
are shown to out perform the existing centered algorithms. 相似文献
239.
Abdissa?NegassaEmail author Antonio?Ciampi Michal?Abrahamowicz Stanley?Shapiro Jean-Fran?ois?Boivin 《Statistics and Computing》2005,15(3):231-239
The performance of computationally inexpensive model selection criteria in the context of tree-structured subgroup analysis is investigated. It is shown through simulation that no single model selection criterion exhibits a uniformly superior performance over a wide range of scenarios. Therefore, a two-stage approach for model selection is proposed and shown to perform satisfactorily. Applied example of subgroup analysis is presented. Problems associated with tree-structured subgroup analysis are discussed and practical solutions are suggested. 相似文献
240.
The banks have been accumulating huge data bases for many years and are increasingly turning to statistics to provide insight
into customer behaviour, among other things. Credit risk is an important issue and certain stochastic models have been developed
in recent years to describe and predict loan default. Two of the major models currently used in the industry are considered
here, and various ways of extending their application to the case where a loan is repaid in installments are explored. The
aspect of interest is the probability distribution of the total loss due to repayment default at some time. Thus, the loss
distribution is determined by the distribution of times to default, here regarded as a discrete-time survival distribution.
In particular, the probabilities of large losses are to be assessed for insurance purposes. 相似文献