Variance Estimation Based on Invariance Principles

Consistent variance estimators for certain stochastic processes are suggested using the fact that (weak or strong) invariance principles may be available. Convergence rates are also derived, the latter being essentially determined by the approximation rates in the corresponding invariance principles. As an application, a change point test in a simple AMOC renewal model is briefly discussed, where variance estimators possessing good enough convergence rates are required.     

Satisficing in strategic environments: A theoretical approach and experimental evidence

The satisficing approach is generalized and applied to finite n-person games. We formally define the concept of satisficing and propose a theory that allows satisficing players to make “optimal” decisions without being equipped with any prior. We also review some experiments on strategic games illustrating and partly supporting our theoretical approach.     

An experimental study of the generosity game

We study ultimatum and dictator variants of the generosity game. In this game, the first mover chooses the amount of money to be distributed between the players within a given interval, knowing that her own share is fixed. Thus, the first mover is not confronted with the typical trade-off between her own and the other’s payoff. For each variant of the game, we study three treatments that vary the range of potential pie sizes so as to assess the influence of these changes on the first movers’ generosity. We find that removing the trade-off inspires significant generosity, which is not always affected by the second mover’s veto power. Moreover, the manipulation of the choice set indicates that choices are influenced by the available alternatives.     

Social security as a prerequisite for a socio‐technological design

The author of this article advances the view that socio‐political concepts are prerequisites for an adequate elaboration of a technological design which is ecologically and socially sound. Two approaches are of particular relevance: namely, that of vocational training and that of increased employee participation in the decision‐making procedures of enterprises and organizations.     

Extension of internationalisation models: drivers and processes for the globalisation of product development – a comparison of Danish and Chinese engineering firms

This paper develops an extension to established production- and supply chain management focused internationalisation models. It applies explorative case studies in Danish and Chinese engineering firms to discover how the globalisation process of product development differs from Danish and Chinese perspectives. The paper uses internationalisation and global product development theory to explain similarities and differences in the approaches. Grounded in case study results, a new model for internationalisation is proposed. The new model expands the internationalisation process model to include steps of product development and collaborative distributed development beyond sourcing, sales and production elements. The paper then provides propositions for how to further develop the suggested model, and how western companies can learn from the Chinese approaches, and globalise their product development activities from the front end of the value chain rather than from the back-end.     

Experiments with cooperative 2 × 2 games

Nash's solution of a two-person cooperative game prescribes a coordinated mixed strategy solution involving Pareto-optimal outcomes of the game. Testing this normative solution experimentally presents problems in as much as rather detailed explanations must be given to the subjects of the meaning of threat strategy, strategy mixture, expected payoff, etc. To the extent that it is desired to test the solution using naive subjects, the problem arises of imparting to them a minimal level of understanding about the issue involved in the game without actually suggesting the solution.Experiments were performed to test the properties of the solution of a cooperative two-person game as these are embodied in three of Nash's four axioms: Symmetry, Pareto-optimality, and Invariance with respect to positive linear transformations. Of these, the last was definitely discorroborated, suggesting that interpersonal comparison of utilities plays an important part in the negotiations.Some evidence was also found for a conjecture generated by previous experiments, namely that an externally imposed threat (penalty for non-cooperation) tends to bring the players closer together than the threats generated by the subjects themselves in the process of negotiation.     

A note on arbitrage-free asset prices with and without personal income taxes

We study the implications of the absence of arbitrage possibilities on asset pricing with and without personal income taxes. While no-arbitrage conditions in frictionless markets have sufficiently been investigated, personal income taxation is still beyond of being fully integrated into arbitrage theory. In extending the primary analysis of Ross (J Polit Econ 95:371–393, 1987) to a multiperiod framework allowing for dynamic trading strategies, we take a major step in this direction. The existence of a positive linear pricing functional is proven in a general discrete time and discrete state space model. In order to obtain the linearity of the pricing functional, one has to allow for short sales or, at most, to restrict sales to positions initially given. Hints at far-reaching economic applications are available.