Is education a risk factor or social vaccine against HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa? The effect of schooling across public health periods

Early in the 30-year HIV/AIDS pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, epidemiological studies identified formal education attainment as a risk factor: educated Sub-Saharan Africans had a higher risk of contracting HIV/AIDS than their less educated peers. Later demographic research reported that by the mid-1990s the education effect had reversed, and education began to function as a social vaccine. Recent counter-evidence finds a curvilinear pattern, with the association between educational attainment and HIV/AIDS infection changing from positive to negative across the education gradient. To reconcile these inconsistent conclusions, a hypothesis is developed and tested that education at early stages functioned as a risk factor and later functioned (and continues to function) as a social vaccine. We reason that this shift in the direction of the education effect was concurrent with changes in the public health environment in SSA that early on heightened material benefits from educational attainment but later heightened cognitive benefits from schooling. Using the 2003/2004 Demographic Health Surveys from four Sub-Saharan African countries (Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya and Tanzania), we tested this hypothesis (differential effects of schooling) using non-linear regression analysis (probit), identifying the different public health periods and controlling for confounding factors. The results support the hypothesis that the education effect shifted historically in the HIV/AIDS pandemic in SSA as we hypothesized.     

Human rights through the paradigm changes of the social communication theories

Human rights (HR), from the perspective of interest and thematic selection, are recognized in the topics of the communication. In general, there is considered to be a positive relationship between the media and its function of mediation with citizenship in reference to the declared general principles since inception in 1948. With this approach, the paper deals with providing an updated reflection of that connection and its main difficulties, such as the crisis of credibility in the information in the context of the European Union and within the framework of the paradigm changes that has derived in the knowledge society of the so-called third environment. The precepts of those recognized as generations of HR survive in the informational stories, of which, due to their current relevance in recent decades, those related to migratory movements, inequality, and poverty stands out. Moreover, the paper explores and discusses how a new generation derived from the implementation and intervention of technology gets involved as an essential characteristic in the relations between the members of society.     

Affective capitalism,humanitarianism and extractivism in Colombia: old and new borders for future times

Contemporary Colombian conjuncture encompasses two dynamics. These incorporate social, economic, political and cultural aspects, whose related rationalities are yet to be mapped out and understood in their complex and multi-layered dimensions and registers. On the one hand, as I will explain throughout the text, we have been witness to on-going peace talks between the government and the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia guerrilla group, a whole set of practices of forgiveness, inaugurations of memory museums, the passing of the victims and land restitution law, as well as the recognition of victims and the effervescence of their movements and organizations. These factors have spiralled victims’ demonstrations and fuelled marches all over the country. On the other hand, there are increased rates of foreign investment in those regions that, until as little as a decade ago, were subject to appalling rates of internal displacement, massacres and disappearances, and which now constitute new borders where global capitalism has been able to reconfigure and increase its rates of capital accumulation. In this article, I analyse the processes referred to above and their complex relationships from the vantage point of a cultural studies interrogation of the affective and the popular, focusing on two Colombian regions: Montes de María and Mapiripán. My goal is to understand how different groups and actors are experiencing these processes in their everyday lives. Here, I include victims and their organizations but also government officials and entrepreneurs related to agro-industry initiatives – mentioned below – today refashioned within the new mantra of corporate responsibility. I want to understand the issue of where people are located and what they are doing, facing, consuming, or resisting in terms of these new challenges. Finally, I wish to offer an analytical study that can capture the everyday textures of these processes in a complex and concrete fashion.     

论明清世情小说的宗教文化与婚丧习俗

明清世情小说以描写日常生活为主要特点,其中蕴含了丰富的文化内涵,在一定程度上可补经史之不足,《金瓶梅》与《红楼梦》堪为其中代表.二书中涉及宗教文化的描写带有鲜明的世俗化倾向,反映出当时民间信仰与实用功利的关系,同时塑造了不少逐利鄙俗的师尼僧道形象,亦是当时释道逐渐衰落的真实写照.而与人物家庭相关的婚丧习俗也是小说的重要组成部分,书中各种形态的婚事描写、完整周详的丧礼叙述等,均反映出明清时期真实的社会风气.     

高校新生职业生涯规划教育的理论思考

高校新生是接受高等教育的起始人群,从源头开展职业生涯规划教育是高校关怀学生发展,重视学生就业的必要举措。当前,高校新生在职业生涯规划中,存在着高考专业填报与未来就业缺少链接、对就业前景关注度不高、生涯规划意识淡薄以及高校开设的职业生涯规划课程缺乏针对性与实效性的问题。对此,新生职业生涯规划教育需应用帕金森的人—职匹配理论、霍兰德的职业性向论和舒伯的生涯发展阶段论,帮助学生建立终身发展思想,抚平新生不良情绪和态度;全程渗透职业生涯规划理念,培养新生的职业生涯规划意识;注重大学新生职业生涯规划教育的针对性与尝试功能。     

中国出口波动的影响因素及实证检验——来自省际面板数据的证据

出口波动在很大程度上会影响到一国或一个地区的短期经济稳定与长期经济增长,中国的出口波动受诸多因素的影响.基于省际面板数据对中国出口波动的影响因素进行的实证研究发现:出口商品集中度的提高加剧了中国的出口波动,出口产品结构的优化以及贸易开放度的提高有助于平抑中国的出口波动,加工贸易的发展则不利于中国出口贸易的稳定增长.从政策含义上看,解决中国生产和出口多样化发展动力不足的问题,促进出口商品的多样化发展,同时继续推进产业结构升级战略,提升贸易开放水平并实现贸易方式的转变,对于中国出口贸易的稳定增长具有重要的意义.     

小城镇基础设施建设融资现状实证分析

通过对云南省小城镇基础设施关于建设需求、资金来源、融资模式应用以及影响因素的调查问卷分析,以实证数据进一步证明小城镇基础设施建设融资中存在的不足,用图形、表格等方式更加直观地呈现出目前小城镇基础设施建设融资存在投资需求矛盾突出、融资渠道单一、新型融资模式与途径难以推广等问题。在此基础上,分析总结出问题存在的根源为小城镇经济基础薄弱、产业集聚小,政府缺乏多渠道融资意识以及规模小、利益驱动规律阻碍融资。     

六盘水市老龄化问题社会调查理性分析

老龄化社会是当今中国面对的一个严峻社会问题,城市除了要满足老人们的日常生活需要,更要满足老人们参与政治、实现个人价值、个人尊严、获得家庭归属感和临终关怀等多层次的精神需求。城市应该在社会经济发展、基础设施和公共服务设施建设中充分关爱老人,优先发展养老服务设施和机构,营造多种经济成分参与的全社会办养老的良好氛围。在城市转型发展建设大数据、大健康和大旅游产业同时,适时建设好大养老产业,满足城市社会老龄化需求。本课题正是六盘水市“十三五”开局之年,在六盘水市开展的一项基础研究,通过大范围社会调查,了解和掌握城市养老所面临的问题,梳理出未来城市养老产业的发展模式,为城市建设完善的现代养老体提供建议和参考。     

论幸福视界下的中国传统生活方式

中国传统生活方式与传统文化的本质规定性紧密相连,是传统文化的载体或表现。这种生活方式是在传统文化的幸福思想、幸福理念的指导下,能够使人们较好地遵循幸福原则去追求和获得幸福,从而内在地具有幸福功能。无论是传统的劳动与交往生活方式、消费生活方式,还是闲暇生活方式,抑或是精神生活方式,都合乎并体现出幸福的和谐性、共享性、简单性、适度性、精神性等本质特征。因此,中国传统生活方式本质上就是一种幸福生活方式。我们应该用辩证的眼光,从中萃取一种有益于现代人身心健康发展的生活理念和精神元素,继承和发扬优良的传统生活方式。     

关于加强和改进高校师德建设的若干思考

师德建设决定着高校的人才培养质量,关系着我国高等教育的发展和前途。本文分析了当前高校师德建设面临的形势和任务,对新时期师德建设的内涵进行了凝练和提升,并提出了加强和改进高校师德建设的几点措施。