论脂评

脂砚斋是与《红楼梦》作者曹雪芹关系密切、情投意合的人,其辈位稍高于曹雪芹。脂砚斋对《红楼梦》的评点,对后人研究《红楼梦》具有重要的积极作用,同时也有一定的局限性。     

Complications of third molar surgery among university students

The authors analyzed complications during and after 145 consecutive operative removals of mandibular third molars performed on 109 healthy university students in Finland. The operations were all performed by the same oral surgeon under similar conditions and with similar postoperative procedures. The rate of intraoperative complications was 9%. All complications could be taken care of during the operations, and all the postoperative complications were reversible. Swelling was the most common postoperative complication and was related to the length and difficulty of the operation. Trismus at the control visit (6th postoperative day) was also related to the length of the operation. Mandibular lateral movement was more restricted to the nonoperated than to the operated side. Alveolitis sicca dolorosa (ASD) was diagnosed as true ASD in 5% of the cases and as nonspecific ASD in 15% of the cases.     

Jeopardy: A Career Information Game for School Counselors

This article outlines one innovative approach by which school counselors can reinforce students' learning of important career information.     

MARITAL THERAPY AND GENDER-LINKED FACTORS IN COMMUNICATION

Understanding the process of communication is important because communication is critical to all forms of psychotherapy. A proper understanding of communication is particularly important in marital therapy because communications is often a treatment target. A central question of this paper is whether or not communication training (CT) programs in marital therapy have been sufficiently sensitive to the complexities of gender in communication. A critical review of research on the role of gender in communication is presented. Existing data indicate that individuals tend to hold stereotypes of gender differences in language, but many of these purported differences have not been supported in empirical investigations. However, gender has been found to be linked to variables such as amount of conversation elicited, length of utterance, use of qualifying phrases, swearing, use of back channel cues, breaking of silences, function of tag questions, and compliment style. Numerous limitations of the empirical literature exploring gender differences in communication behavior are described. This paper advocates the development of models of communication in which gender is recognized as having significant implications.     

Understanding Leaders of Repressive Social Movements

Researchers studying right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) have discussed the need to distinguish authoritarian followers from leaders. Altemeyer's (2003) studies raise several issues about political leadership in the real world. First, are most leaders of authoritarian social movements high on both RWA and social dominance (SDO)? Second, is it possible to be an authoritarian leader of a repressive social movement without being high on SDO? Third, it would be useful to develop techniques to assess SDO at a distance. Fourth, what roles do the psychological motives of need for power, need for affiliation and intimacy, and need for responsibility play in motivating leadership behavior in high SDO leaders? Finally, does social dominance exist in countries with non–Western value systems? Understanding the psychology of leaders of repressive social movements may help us develop ways to limit access to the power they crave and to mitigate the damage that they do.     

高校体育课中教师引导者和促进者的作用

在教学过程中,教师的注意力从传播知识转向营造情境、激发兴趣、引导探究和评价上来,教师是学生的引导者,让学生主动、能动地学习和发展.学生和教师一起通过自己的知识构建活动使自己的创造力、潜能、天赋得以发挥,情操得到陶冶,个性得到发展.     

厉练自身的政治才能

暗中行事、阴险狡猾、操纵别人。当你听到某位同事被称作“政治通”时，这些词是否便会跃然脑海？的确，有不少人跟你感受相同。Get Them on Your Side：Win Support，Convert Skeptics，Get Results一书的作者萨缪尔·巴卡拉克（Samuel Bacharach）认为，政治才能常被等同于马基雅维利主义。结果怎样？巴卡拉克说：“长久以来，政治才能成为禁区。人人都需要这种才能，但却无人加以谈论。”     

增强企业创造力

如果爱迪生坚持光线只能由火产生,他只能发明更好的煤油灯或者更好的蜡烛你一定听过这样的训戒:“如果我们想要继续保持竞争力,就必须加大创新力度。”开发新产品和服务固然重要,但如果你不同时增强企业的创造力,创新并不会令你有长足发展。波士顿咨询集团的合伙人卢克·德布拉邦德 (Luc de Brabandere)认为,改革和创新是两个全然不同的概念。     

When Religion Enters the Dialogue: A Guide for Practitioners

Several factors, including Freud's debunking of religion and social work's discomfort with its religious roots, have resulted in a trend of avoiding religious issues in social work education. The result is compromised care. In this paper, clinical vignettes are utilized to illustrate some of the difficulties which may occur. A series of guidelines is offered, with the aim of increasing therapists' comfort level in negotiating religious issues in practice. Areas of discussion include assessment, resistances, object relations, and countertransference. Case examples demonstrate application of guidelines.