The ingestion in wolf spiders II. The expression of degree of hunger and amount of ingestion in relation to spider's hunger

Summary To express the degree of hunger during both of feeding and unfeeding periods of spiders, equations for the amount of ingestion and food disappearance from the gut were presented using three components: capacity of gut, rate of ingestion and rate of food disappearance. The degree of hunger was expressed by the rate of unfilled capacity of gut to the capacity of gut based on these equations. The rates of ingestion and food disappearance were estimated from the results of experiment with a wolf spider,Pardosa laura. The equations obtained well applied to the experimental result. By changing values of these rates, it was revealed that the ratio of rates of ingestion to food disappearance determine the amount of ingestion.     

FOUR USEFUL FINITE MIXTURE MODELS FOR REGRESSION ANALYSES OF PANEL DATA WITH A CATEGORICAL DEPENDENT VARIABLE

This paper describes and contrasts two useful ways to employ a latent class variable as a mixture variable in regression analyses of panel data with a categorical dependent variable. One way is to model unobserved heterogeneity in the trajectory, or change in the distribution, of the dependent variable. Two models that accomplish this are the latent trajectory model and latent growth curve model for a categorical dependent variable having ordered categories. Each latent class here represents a distinct trajectory of the dependent variable. The latent trajectory model introduces covariate effects on the composition of latent classes, while the latent growth curve model introduces covariate effects on both the "intercept" and the "slope" of growth in logit, which may vary among latent classes.
The other useful way is to model unobserved heterogeneity in the state dependence of the dependent variable. Two models that accomplish this are introduced for a simultaneous analysis of response probability and response stability, and the latent class variable is employed to distinguish two latent populations that differ in the stability of responses over time. One of them is the switching multinomial logit model with a time-lagged dependent variable as its separation indicator, and the other is the mover-stayer regression model.
By applying these four models to empirical data, this paper demonstrates the usefulness of these models for panel-data analyses. Example programs for specifying these models based on the LEM program are also provided.     

Is the Japanese Mobility Pattern Consistent?: Educational Expansion and its Effects

Abstract Current empirical studies on social mobility generally emphasize an invariance of mobility pattern rather than variance. However, the industrialization thesis has not yet seriously been challenged by those researches, since they are only comparing different countries, not different developmental stages of one country. Besides, those researches have provided virtually no theoretical explanation for the invariance. This paper is an attempt to provide a longitudinal analysis of Japanese social mobility and to give an explanation for the consistency of mobility pattern found in that analysis. The key factor related to the consistency is the way education mediates the mobility. Our analysis presents a clear and exact picture of the longitudinal effect of educational expansion on the mobility pattern.     

中日大学生护理社会化意识的影响因素

本研究旨在以中日两国的大学生及其父母为研究对象,探讨家庭凝聚力和父母赡养意识对护理社会化意识的影响。本研究采用结构方程模型探讨护理社会化意识的因果关系。研究结果表明因果关系模型在中日两国均适用。日本的护理社会化意识和家庭凝聚力、手段性赡养意识、情绪性赡养意识之间存在负相关,父母赡养意识越低护理的社会化意识越高。中国的护理社会化意识和手段性赡养意识之间存在负相关。中日两国大学生的父母赡养意识均高于父母,日本父母的手段性赡养意识最低而护理的社会化意识最高。在中日两国,手段性赡养均作为中介影响家庭凝聚力和护理社会化意识的关系。     

Spatial bargaining in rectilinear facility location problem

Theory and Decision - We consider a spatial bargaining model where players collectively choose a facility location on a two-dimensional rectilinear distance space through bargaining using the...     

The ingestion in wolf spiders I. Capacity of gut ofLycosa pseudoannulata

Summary An wolf spider,Lycosa pseudoannulata, collected from the field were reared in test tubes supplied with fruit flies as the food, and the number and weight of fruit flies killed per unit time and the weight of residuum of killed flies were recorded. When the cumulative number of flies killed by a spider was plotted against time after the beginning of food supply, the angle of the curve obtained decreased gradually until a constant value. In this time, it seems that the gut of spider had saturated with food and the increase rate of number of flies killed reflects the rate of food disappeared from gut by assimilation and egestion. The amount of ingestion was obtained by subtracting the weight of residuum and the gain of live weight of the spider from the weight of killed flies. After the gut has saturated, the amount of food remained in the gut is considered to be equal to the capacity of gut, which is an essential factor in the study of predation. The amount of food disappearance from gut was also estimated. There was a linear relationship between the log body weight of spiders and the log capacity of gut. The linear relationship was also seen between the log total amount of ingestion and the log total amount of food disappeared from gut.     

A formal theory for male-preferring stopping rules of childbearing: sex differences in birth order and in the number of siblings

Through mathematical deductions, this article shows certain macro-demographic consequences of individually employed male-preferring stopping rules in childbearing. It is shown that male-preferring stopping rules generate differences between boys and girls in birth order and in the number of siblings. Two situations are considered regarding the latent probability of having a boy: population homogeneity and population heterogeneity. The sex difference in the number of siblings exists even under population homogeneity, and the difference remains constant when each couple employs a distinct alternative rule. On the other hand, the sex difference in the birth order exists only under population heterogeneity. Substantive implications of these findings are discussed.     

中日大学生及父母的赡养意识

本研究旨在分析中日两国两代人之间赡养父母意识的异同。采用赡养父母意识量表,测量了中国大学生及父母(大学生959人、其父母707人)和日本大学生及父母(大学生636人、其父母368人)的父母赡养意识。结果发现:中国大学生和父母在"与父母同住意识"和"赡养父母意识"上显著高于日本;日本大学生更多地选择"自宅死";中国父母、日本大学生和日本父母的手段性赡养意识显著低于情绪性赡养意识,其中日本父母的手段性赡养意识在各组中最低。