Delivery, Management and Access Model for E_prints and Open Access Journals

A study conducted for the (United Kingdom) Joint Information Systems Committee reviewed possible models for implementing Open Access to research reports in institutional archives and Open Access journals. The conclusion was that a “harvesting model,” in which full texts reside on the original servers but metadata are harvested, held, and enhanced by a central service, was preferable to either a centralized national service or a completely decentralized service for the UK. The study included issues of populating institutional archives (IAs) and some form of mandatory archiving for publicly funded research results to obtain a critical mass of Open Access material in such a system.     

The Logical Difference Between Prevention and Treatment

The authors have spent 2 1/2 years investigating the process of change in family systems presenting with addictive symptoms in one or more of their members. The context of this research has been the systemic family therapy of more than 36 families in a hospital based drug and alcohol service. Emergent from this research is evidence of potentially destructive effects upon families and addicts who present requesting help, by referring them to programmes which are educative or preventative in nature. The case will be put for a clear distinction to be made between the functions of ‘prevention’ and ‘treatment’ in multi-disciplinary teams in addiction services (and by implication other community health services); and for establishing a more rigorous intake system based upon such a distinction and designed to respond more appropriately to presenting requests by potential users of such a service.     

Assessing the psycho-social impact of computers,brain research,and behaviorism: The von Neumann effect

The writings of the developers of the high-speed digital computer during the 1940s suggest that technical knowledge of computers and the human brain produces dissonances with current acculturation, triggering a conversion process leading to the conclusion that the brain is a computer. If so, this von Neumann effect is likely to have far-reaching consequences for high-technology societies by fostering behavioristic worldviews premised upon determinism rather than free will. A survey of 1585 university students verified that the von Neumann effect is surfacing in the general population and is associated with determinism. Cultural factors related to the effect were examined.     

Tragic Narratives in Popular Culture: Depictions of Homicide in Rap Music1

Homicide is a rare event, but depictions of it are quite common in our culture and discourse. Commercially successful rappers have appropriated homicide as a central theme in their lyrical compositions. The tremendous success of rap music is indicative of its increasing popular appeal and cultural impact. We reveal the ways homicide is constructed within rap music and its frequency of occurrence across time. Employing a cultural criminology framework, we analyze the most popular rap songs over the period 1989–2000, as determined by Billboard music charts, for references to homicide. Using content analysis we explore the emergent themes associated with homicide scenarios in rap lyrics. Results show violent death was constructed in glorified ways, incorporated cautionary tales, or used as an analogy for powerful rhyming. The major themes found in these homicide‐related rap lyrics were the normalization of killing, respect maintenance, confrontation with the power structure, vengeance, and masculine confrontation. Gender patterns of killing were surprising and distinct. Homicide was almost always male on male. Careful consideration is given to the multiple meanings of homicide, particularly the ways rappers have appropriated the word “killing” and transformed it into a term that indicates creative success.     

A comparison of “black” and “white” integration attitudes on a deep‐south campus: A research note

A survey of “racial” attitudes on a deep‐South university campus indicates that both “black” and “white” students strongly support desegregation—equality of political and economic rights including access to public facilities. Although “blacks” are receptive to integration also, the majority of “whites” reject “blacks” socially.     

Conjuring up traditions: atmospheres,eras and family Christmases

Despite some macro level concern with the concepts of tradition and ‘detraditionalization’, sociologists for the most part have paid relatively little attention to the everyday realities of family traditions as they are experienced and narrated in people's lives. Based on a qualitative study of ‘Family Backgrounds and Everyday Lives’, this article explores people's experiences and narratives of family Christmases, and examines how traditions are conjured up and evoked in multi‐dimensional, embodied, emplaced and sensory ways. The article argues that in recognizing and conjuring up family practices and happenings as ‘traditions’, people create a vivid and potent sense of generational eras, atmospheres and family styles. These have a moral currency that matters – sometimes quite profoundly – in people's lives, and are the subject of debate and negotiation between, as well as within, generations. Christmas traditions, it is argued, are central in the constitution of eras not least because they enable the bundling up of time – past, present and anticipated for descendant generations – into packages of generalized ‘time out of time’, characterized by distinctive atmospheres, and around which memories can coalesce and about which stories can be told. These atmospheric eras – more than broad or macro understandings of ‘tradition’ – are central in how generational dynamics and personal family histories take shape, and how memories are ‘indexed’ in and through time.     

The Mourning Play (Trauerspiel) of Shimon Attie

Shimon Attie’s images of the Scheunenviertel (1991–93) district of Berlin are suspended by the palimpsestic associations established between the fixated dead of the past and their ghostly appearance in the now instant; images that contain as part of that palimpsest a collective cultural knowledge or reserve of the impending obliteration of community (both the Jewish and non‐Jewish citizens of Berlin) by mass‐produced death. In this article, the images are theorized both as a memorial activity and an index or habitation for history. This objective is achieved by responding to a series of propositions arising from Walter Benjamin’s text “On the Concept of History”.     

Associations Between Family of Origin Climate,Relationship Self‐Regulation,and Marital Outcomes

Using dyadic data from 961 married couples from the Relationship Evaluation Questionnaire project, the current study explored the direct association between family of origin climate and marital outcomes and the indirect association via relationship self‐regulation (RSR). Results from the actor–partner interdependence model analysis indicated that family of origin climate was positively associated with marital stability directly and indirectly via the effects of RSR and marital satisfaction for both men and women. Results suggest that the experience one has in their family of origin is associated with their marital outcomes through their RSR. Actor–partner direct and indirect effects indicate that spouses' RSR may have important consequences for both partner's evaluation of the marriage. Implications for intervention and future research are discussed.     

How Does a Cowboy Make Money? Using Student Curiosities to Further Elementary School Inquiries

This article explores examples of student-initiated inquiries (in Grades 1 and 5) and the opportunities and challenges with engaging in them. To explore these student-initiated inquiries, we use the C3 Framework Inquiry Arc (National Council for the Social Studies, 2013 National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS). (2013). The college, career, and civic life (C3) framework for social studies state standards: Guidance for enhancing the rigor of K–12 civics, economics, geography and history. Silver Spring, MD: Author. [Google Scholar]) and Harvey and Daniels's (2009 Harvey, S., &; Daniels, H. (2009). Comprehension &; collaboration: Inquiry circles in action. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. [Google Scholar]) Small-Group Inquiry Model to describe the actions and interactions of two elementary school teachers and their students as they take student-initiated inquiries through various stages of the inquiry process. With each classroom example we include the challenges the teachers encountered and we make recommendations for inquiry-based instruction in elementary social studies.     

Young people’s education biographies: family relationships,social capital and belonging

This paper examines complexities and interdependencies of key family relationships which anchor young people’s educational biographies. It is well recognised that young people’s education pathways in late modernity are strongly dependent on their ability to draw on the range of resources available, and that socio-economic status and family resources play a central role in this process. Less is known about how such relationships anchor young people’s education biographies. Drawing on theories of social capital and belonging in dialogue with qualitative interviews, and situated in studies of rural youth and education, this article considers how young people themselves talk and make decisions about their education in relation to complex family connections. These connections, contestations and negotiations between young people and central family members highlight how the late modern economy impacts on young people’s intimate relationships, and sheds light on the ongoing work of youth to resolve such tensions around their schooling in daily life.