Happy People Have Children: Choice and Self-Selection into Parenthood

There is mixed evidence in the existing literature on whether children are associated with greater subjective well-being, with the correlation depending on which countries and populations are considered. We here provide a systematic analysis of this question based on three different datasets: two cross-national and one national panel. We show that the association between children and subjective well-being is positive only in developed countries, and for those who become parents after the age of 30 and who have higher income. We also provide evidence of a positive selection into parenthood, whereby happier individuals are more likely to have children.     

儿童文学经典复译研究——以《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》为例

通过对青岛市儿童文学翻译市场进行调查研究,在对《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》的大量复译本进行分析的基础上,我们发现,众多儿童文学经典复译作品在秉承初译优点、取得不同程度进步的同时,也暴露出一些问题,比较普遍的是漏译、误译和文字中英夹杂、有失规范等问题,最关键的问题在于儿童文学翻译的文学性没有质的提高,没有从根本上超越初译。我们认为,儿童文学的复译应该遵循批判性借鉴和实质性超越的原则,真正实现其存在价值。     

Quantifying Economic Dependency

In this paper we compare several types of economic dependency ratios for a selection of European countries. These dependency ratios take into account not only the demographic structure of the population, but also the differences in age-specific economic behaviour such as labour market activity, income and consumption as well as age-specific public transfers. In selected simulations where we combine patterns of age-specific economic behaviour and transfers with population projections, we show that in all countries population ageing would lead to a pronounced increase in dependency ratios if present age-specific patterns were not to change. Our analysis of cross-country differences in economic dependency demonstrates that these differences are driven by both differences in age-specific economic behaviour and in the age composition of the populations. The choice of which dependency ratio to use in a specific policy context is determined by the nature of the question to be answered. The comparison of our various dependency ratios across countries gives insights into which strategies might be effective in mitigating the expected increase in economic dependency due to demographic change.     

论水平扭剪应力场对大裂缝系统的控制

本文根据地质力学和岩体结构力学原理，探讨水平扭剪应力场在大裂缝系统形成、转化和分布中的重要控制作用及其物理模型．文中认为，大裂缝系统是较大的直压型裂缝网络与扭剪型裂缝网络叠加的产物，主要分布在较强的水平扭剪应力和术平直压应力复合作用的区块；水平扭剪应力场是改造和控制大裂缝网络结构异向性的最重要因素。这为研究和勘探较大的隐伏裂缝系统，提供了新的成藏模式和理论依据。     

Dynamic reasoning and time pressure: Transition from analytical operations to experiential responses

Based upon the Decision Field Theory (Busemeyer and Townsend 1993), we tested a model of dynamic reasoning to predict the effect of time pressure on analytical and experiential processing during decision-making. Forty-six participants were required to make investment decisions under four levels of time pressure. In each decision, participants were presented with experiential cues which were either congruent or incongruent with the analytical information. The congruent/incongruent conditions allowed us to examine how many decisions were based upon the experiential versus the analytical information, and to see if this was affected by the varying degrees of time pressure. As expected, the overall accuracy was reduced with greater time pressure and accuracy was higher when the experiential and analytical cues were congruent than when they were incongruent. Of great interest was the data showing that under high time pressure participants used more experiential cues than at other time pressures. We suggest that the dynamic reasoning paradigm has some future potential for predicting the effects of experiential biases in general, and specifically under time pressure.     

A tighter formulation of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-median problem

Given a set of clients and a set of potential sites for facilities, the p-median problem consists of opening a set of p sites and assigning each client to the closest open facility to it. It can be viewed as a variation of the uncapacitated facility location problem. We propose a new formulation of this problem by a mixed integer linear problem. We show that this formulation, while it has the same value by LP-relaxation, can be much more efficient than two previous formulations. The computational experiment performed on two sets of benchmark instances has showed that the efficiency of the standard branch-and-cut algorithm has been significantly improved. Finally, we explore the structure of the new formulation in order to derive reduction rules and to accelerate the LP-relaxation resolution.     

Digit ratios (2D:4D) as predictors of risky decision making for both sexes

Many important decisions involve financial risk, and substantial evidence suggests that women tend to be more risk averse than men. We explore a potential biological basis of risk-taking variation within and between the sexes by studying how the ratio between the length of the second and fourth fingers (2D:4D) predicts risk-taking. A smaller 2D:4D ratio has been linked to higher exposure to prenatal testosterone relative to estradiol, with men having lower ratios than women. In financially motivated decision-making tasks, we find that men and women with smaller 2D:4D ratios chose significantly riskier options. We further find that the ratio partially explains the variation in risk-taking between the sexes. Moreover, for men and women at the extremes of the digit-ratio distribution the difference in risk-taking disappears. Thus, the 2D:4D ratio partially explains variation in financial risk-taking behavior within and between sexes and offers evidence of a biological basis for risk-taking behavior.     

朝核危机的最新发展态势及未来发展趋势

朝核问题的复杂性和谋求解决的困难程度关键在于朝美两个主要当事国之间的敌对关系及相互间不信任。朝核危机依然是威胁地区甚至全球安全最重要的因素之一，根据朝鲜过去多变善变的情况，六方会谈的前景依然迷雾重重，因而朝鲜半岛和东北亚局势今后将经历一段不确定时期；最大的可能性是谈，通过六方会谈机制，以外交谈判方式，和平解决朝核危机，实现半岛无核化，是解决朝核危机最理想的结果，也是六方会谈所要达到的最高目标；影响这一“最高目标”的两个因素是美国新政府有无对朝“新思维”、朝鲜有无“弃核”的意志。     

重庆市农民工市民化的教育培训资源统筹对策

城乡统筹的实质是资源的统筹.在重庆市“千万农民变市民”的社会大试验中,教育与培训将发挥重要作用.目前,重庆市农民工的教育与培训存在较多问题,直接影响了农民工市民化的进程,根源在于资源统筹乏力.应当根据科学发展观的要求,加强重庆市农民工的教育培训资源统筹.文章对重庆市实施制度、机构、经费、师资、信息资源这“五大统筹”和统筹模式变革提出了对策建议.