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81.
Nina D. Cole 《Gender, Work and Organization》2004,11(3):254-279
This exploratory study coded and analysed 120 behaviours on videotaped data of 111 male and 30 female managers engaged in disciplinary discussions with one of their unionized employees. Four categories of behaviour were coded: non‐verbal communication, speech characteristics, leadership and interactional justice. A factor analysis of the results generated 14 factors, ten of which were correlated with experts’ ratings of disciplinary fairness. Female managers exhibited significantly higher levels of seven of the ten behavioural factors. Female managers also made more supportive interruptions than male managers and took more time for the disciplinary discussion, both of which were positively correlated with disciplinary fairness. The results suggest that leadership and communication styles commonly found in females may lead them to be better equipped than male managers to manage employee discipline situations. 相似文献
82.
The record-keeping requirements of the Immigration Reform and Control Act(IRCA), and fines for illegal employment, may induce employers to discriminate against foreign-appearing workers. The General Accounting Office (GAO) reported widespread IRCA-related discrimination but did not link reported discriminatory practices to discriminatory employment behavior. We analyze the GAO’s random survey and, controlling for selectivity effects, demonstrate that employers who report discriminatory practices actually employ fewer Hispanics. Although the measured reduction of Hispanic employment due to IRCA is fairly small, this finding parallels research alerting us to adverse consequences of a law that so far has achieved few of its intended effects. 相似文献
83.
84.
A necessary precursor to strategic choice is the selection of a strategic choice evaluation method — metachoice. Unfortunately, managers are unlikely to find much guidance on how to conduct metachoice analysis in the strategy literature. In light of this problem, a template is presented based on two questions that must be addressed by those engaged in strategic analysis generally and metachoice specifically: (1) what are the organization's strategic goals? (2) how willing are they to monetize their predictions and valuations? Four resulting choice methods are presented and discussed: Discounted Cash Flow Analysis (including variants based on real options), Profitability Analysis, Modified Discounted Cash Flow Analysis and Multi-Goal Analysis. 相似文献
85.
Matthew A. Cole Robert J. R. Elliott Joanne K. Lindley 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》2009,39(2):161-180
Within a compensating wage differential framework we investigate whether there is a wage premium for working in a pollution
intensive industry. Our results for the economy as a whole suggest a small wage premium of approximately one quarter of one
percent associated with the risk of working in a dirty job. This premium rises to over fifteen percent for those individuals
who work in one of the five dirtiest industries. We also find evidence of a fatal risk wage premium, providing estimates of
the value of a statistical life of between £12 million and £19 million (2000 prices). 相似文献
86.
B. Lindsay Lowell 《International migration (Geneva, Switzerland)》2005,43(3):155-160
The enterprise of science and engineering (S&E) is powerfully affected by the role of immigrants in institutions of higher education and in US labour markets (Freeman et al., 2004). Especially since the 1970s and increasingly in the 1990s, educational institutions and labour markets have experienced steady increases of foreign students and workers and have come to expect more of the same. Yet, since 2001 there have been notable downturns in the number of foreign students applying and attending US institutions of higher education. 相似文献
87.
Judith A. Seltzer Christine A. Bachrach Suzanne M. Bianchi Caroline H. Bledsoe Lynne M. Casper P. Lindsay Chase‐Lansdale Thomas A. DiPrete V. Joseph Hotz S. Philip Morgan Seth G. Sanders Duncan Thomas 《Journal of marriage and the family》2005,67(4):908-925
Twenty years ago, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) issued a request for proposals that resulted in the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), a unique survey valuable to a wide range of family scholars. This paper describes the efforts of an interdisciplinary group of family demographers to build on the progress enabled by the NSFH and many other theoretical and methodological innovations. Our work, also supported by NICHD, will develop plans for research and data collection to address the central question of what causes family change and variation. We outline the group's initial assessments of orienting frameworks, key aspects of family life to study, and theoretical and methodological challenges for research on family change. Finally, we invite family scholars to follow our progress and to help develop this shared public good. 相似文献
88.
89.
We consider the design of a multicommodity flow network, in which point-to-point demands are routed across the network subject to link capacity restrictions. Such a design must build enough capacity and diverse routing paths through the network to ensure that feasible multicommodity flows continue to exist, even when components of the network fail. In this paper, we examine several methodologies to optimally design a minimum-cost survivable network that continues to support a multicommodity flow under any of a given set of failure scenarios, where each failure scenario consists of the simultaneous failure of multiple arcs. We begin by providing a single extensive form mixed-integer programming formulation for this problem, along with a Benders decomposition algorithm as an alternative to the extensive form approach. We next investigate strategies to improve the performance of the algorithm by augmenting the master problem with several valid inequalities such as cover constraints, connectivity constraints, and path constraints. For the smallest instances (eight nodes, 10 origin–destination pairs, and 10 failure scenarios), the Benders implementation consumes only 10% of the time required by the mixed-integer programming formulation, and our best augmentation strategy reduces the solution time by another 50%. For medium- and large-sized instances, the extensive form problem fails to terminate within 2 h on any instance, while our decomposition algorithms provide optimal solutions on all but two problem instances. 相似文献
90.
Helping Hands: Race,Neighborhood Context,and Reluctance in Providing Job‐Finding Assistance 下载免费PDF全文
In order to explain persistent racial inequality, researchers have posited that black Americans receive fewer job benefits from their social networks because of their reluctance to provide assistance to others who are looking for work. We test this idea on a national scale using geo‐coded data from the General Social Survey. Our results show that, on average, blacks offer more frequent job‐finding assistance to their friends than do whites. However, additional analyses reveal that race‐based job‐finding assistance is context dependent, as blacks living in areas characterized by concentrated black poverty have lower odds of helping others search for jobs than members of other races and in other community contexts. 相似文献