Economics and the French Voter: A Microanalysis

In the United States, uncertainties surrounding the aggregatetime series evidence on economic conditions and voting behaviorled researchers to explore the relationship through individuallevel survey data. For France, aggregate time series studieshave begun to appear but, as yet, no microlevel analysis hasbeen done. My investigation attempts to resolve doubts arisingfrom the macrolevel work, by looking at individual economicperception and vote intention in surveys of the French electorate.I find that economic conditions, both personal and collective,exert a significant influence on party choice in French legislativeelections. Moreover, this economic influence appears more pervasivein France than in the United States.     

PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCE OF U.S. TRUNK AND LOCAL SERVCE AIRLINES IN THE ERA OF DEREGULATION

The transition to deregulation of the U.S. air transport industry began in 1976. In this paper we measure total factor productivity growth of the airlines for the first five years of the transition (1976–1980) and compare the performance with that of the preceding years. We find that productivity growth accelerated from 2.8% per year to 5.1% per year. An analysis of covariance model with individual airlines as observations leads to the conclusion that for the trunk airlines nearly all of the acceleration can be explained by increases in output and load factor and decreases in the growth of capacity. For the local service airlines, however, less than half of the acceleration may be so-explained.     

THE ECONOMICS OF FAMILY FORMATION*

In this article an economic model of the determinants of first marriage is formulated and then empirically tested. The model incorporates household production theory and search theory in order to explain the incentives to marry and the determinants of the age at first marriage. Age at first marriage is viewed as depending on the determinants of entry into the marriage market and the duration of search for a spouse. Empirical results from the 1967 Survey of Economic Opportunity show a negative effect of male wages and a positive effect of female wages on own age at marriage. Additionally, education and urbanization are found to have positive effects and number of children a negative effect.     

The legitimation of violence: hockey players' perceptions of their reference groups' sanctions for assault*

Des entrevues auprès de joueurs de hockey d'écoles secondares ont fourni des données quant à leurs perceptions des sanctions offertes par leurs groupes de référence normatifs concernant le comportement aggressif. Les résultats indiquent que si les joueurs percoivent des différences entre les sanctions offertes par chaque groupe de référence, il y a approbation d'une variété de comportements aggressifs. Une analyse factorielle a révélé que les sanctions venant (i) du père, (2) de la mère, (3) des confrères qui ne sont pas joueurs et (4) des membres de l'équipe et de Fentraineur constîtuent des dimensions conceptuelles distinctes. Dans l'optique du concept de justification, la violence dans les sports ainsi que dans d'autres sphères sociales, n'est pas anormale mais représente plutôt une conduite approuvée par les normes sociales. Interviews with Toronto high school hockey players yielded data pertaining to players' perceptions of their normative reference groups' sanctions for assault. Results indicated that although players viewed each reference group's sanctions as somewhat distinctive, there was approval of a variety of assaultive behaviours. Factor analysis revealed that the sanctions of (1) father, (2) mother, (3) nonplaying peers, and (4) teammates and coach formed independent conceptual dimensions. In light of the concept of legitimation, much of the violence in sport, as in other social spheres, is not aberrant, but rather is socially acquired normative conduct.